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CodeFirst從零開(kāi)始搭建Asp.Net Core2.0網(wǎng)站

更新時(shí)間：2017年07月11日 11:17:03 作者：Chaunce

這篇文章主要為大家詳細(xì)介紹了CodeFirst從零開(kāi)始搭建Asp.Net Core2.0網(wǎng)站的詳細(xì)過(guò)程，具有一定的參考價(jià)值，感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考一下

一步步教大家如何搭建Asp.Net Core2.0網(wǎng)站，以下所有都是建立在.NETCore2.0環(huán)境已經(jīng)搭建好

右鍵解決方案>新建項(xiàng)目>

選擇Web>ASP.NETCoreWeb應(yīng)用程序(.NET Core)

選擇Web應(yīng)用程序,暫時(shí)不選擇啟用Docker,身份驗(yàn)證選擇個(gè)人用戶賬戶(會(huì)自動(dòng)生成一系列和用戶認(rèn)證的代碼)

隨后生代碼層次目錄如下:

其中會(huì)包含身份信息的相關(guān)實(shí)現(xiàn),比如相關(guān)實(shí)體信息(user)之類的,如果想對(duì)擴(kuò)展微軟自動(dòng)的生成的用戶實(shí)體類,可在Models中的ApplicationUser下擴(kuò)展,在此ApplicationUser中添加屬性即可:比如添加叫WeChatId屬性,添加后如下:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

namespace DotNetCore20.Web.Models
{
  // Add profile data for application users by adding properties to the ApplicationUser class
  public class ApplicationUser : IdentityUser
  {
    /// <summary>
    /// 微信Id
    /// </summary>
    public string WeChatId { get; set; }
  }
}

在之后生成運(yùn)行并遷移,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的AspNetUsers中就會(huì)多出WeChatId 屬性.

一:安裝引用

nugnet恢復(fù)引用失效時(shí),可在程序包管理控制臺(tái)輸入:

dotnet restore 即可

會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)在恢復(fù)指令后在NuGet中會(huì)有一個(gè)Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design的報(bào)錯(cuò),信息如下:

已使用“.NETPortable,Version=v0.0,Profile=Profile259, .NETFramework,Version=v4.6.1”而不是項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)框架“.NETCoreApp,Version=v2.0”還原了包“Microsoft.Composition 1.0.27”。這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致兼容性問(wèn)題

這個(gè)庫(kù)是ASP.NET Core的代碼生成工具。包含用于生成控制器和視圖的dotnet-aspnet-codegenerator命令,暫時(shí)可先卸載,不影響項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行.

對(duì)項(xiàng)目類庫(kù)的引用有以下幾種方式

1.Nuget去安裝(官網(wǎng)https://www.nuget.org/packages/)

2.右鍵依賴項(xiàng)點(diǎn)擊菜單中的添加引用

3.可在程序包管理控制臺(tái)輸入:Install-Package引用類庫(kù)名稱

4.可右鍵編輯csproj工程文件進(jìn)行添加，然后執(zhí)行dotnet restore

二.創(chuàng)建實(shí)體程序集

右鍵解決方案>添加項(xiàng)目>

首先創(chuàng)建抽象類,供Entity實(shí)體繼承,主要為每個(gè)實(shí)體提供公用屬性

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Text;

namespace DotNetCore20.Entity.Core
{
  /// <summary>
  /// DB表基底
  /// </summary>
  [Serializable]
  public abstract partial class BaseEntity
  {
    /// <summary>
    /// Id
    /// </summary>
    [DataMember]
    public long Id { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// DB 資料版號(hào)
    /// </summary>
    [Timestamp]
    public byte[] RowVersion { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// 創(chuàng)建時(shí)間
    /// </summary>
    [DataMember]
    public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// 更新時(shí)間
    /// </summary>
    [DataMember]
    public DateTime UpdateTime { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// 狀態(tài)
    /// </summary>
    [DataMember]
    public EnumState State { get; set; }
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 狀態(tài)
  /// </summary>
  public enum EnumState
  {
    /// <summary>
    /// 刪除
    /// </summary>
    Delete = 1,

    /// <summary>
    /// 正常
    /// </summary>
    Normal = 0,
  }
}

添加一個(gè)UserExtend用戶擴(kuò)展類(Entity):

using DotNetCore20.Entity.Core;
using System;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;

namespace DotNetCore20.Entity
{
  [DataContract]
  public class UserExtend : BaseEntity
  {
    /// <summary>
    /// 用戶Id
    /// </summary>
    [DataMember]
    public long UserId { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// 昵稱
    /// </summary>
    [DataMember]
    public long NickName { get; set; }

  }
}

三.創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)層

添加引用

DAL層需要用到EF實(shí)體映射相關(guān)和我們自己前面定義的Entity中的UserExtend實(shí)體表,所以要添加相關(guān)引用,DotNetCore20.Entity和 Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools

快捷鍵:Ctrl+Alt+o 打開(kāi)程序包管理器輸入以下:

install-package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools

如果是網(wǎng)絡(luò)限制下載失敗,推薦把nuget鏡像改為博客園資源,方法如下:

右鍵解決方案>管理解決方案的nuget程序包.顯示如下:

新建一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)上下文類,目錄結(jié)構(gòu)如下:

DotNetCoreDbContext內(nèi)部代碼改為以下:

using DotNetCore20.Entity;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

namespace DotNetCore20.DAL.DbContext
{
  public class DotNetCoreDbContext : Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbContext
  {
    public DotNetCoreDbContext(DbContextOptions<DotNetCoreDbContext> options) : base(options)
    {
    }
    public DbSet<UserExtend> UserExtend { get; set; }
  }
}

在此基本的實(shí)體映射相關(guān)的代碼都完畢,現(xiàn)在還有一步,就是數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接字符串的配置

首先打開(kāi)appsettings.json文件,在ConnectionStrings節(jié)點(diǎn)下增加以下

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

"DotNetCoreConnection": "Server=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Database=DotNetCoreDb;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true"

增加后如下:

{
  "ConnectionStrings": {
    "DefaultConnection": "Server=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Database=DotNetCoreDefaultDb;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true",
    "DotNetCoreConnection": "Server=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Database=DotNetCoreDb;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true"
  },
 "Logging": {
  "IncludeScopes": false,
  "Debug": {
   "LogLevel": {
    "Default": "Warning"
   }
  },
  "Console": {
   "LogLevel": {
    "Default": "Warning"
   }
  }
 }
}

再打開(kāi)web網(wǎng)站下的Startup文件,在ConfigureServices方法中添加一下行:

//自定義數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接字符串
services.AddDbContext<DotNetCoreDbContext>(options =>
 options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DotNetCoreConnection")));

增加后如下:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using DotNetCore20.Web.Data;
using DotNetCore20.Web.Models;
using DotNetCore20.Web.Services;
using DotNetCore20.DAL.DbContext;

 
namespace DotNetCore20.Web
{
  public class Startup
  {
    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
      Configuration = configuration;
    }

    public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
      services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
        options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));

      //自定義數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接字符串
      services.AddDbContext<DotNetCoreDbContext>(options =>
        options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DotNetCoreConnection")));

      services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, IdentityRole>()
        .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
        .AddDefaultTokenProviders();

      // Add application services.
      services.AddTransient<IEmailSender, AuthMessageSender>();
      services.AddTransient<ISmsSender, AuthMessageSender>();

      services.AddMvc();
    }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
    {
      if (env.IsDevelopment())
      {
        app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
        app.UseBrowserLink();
        app.UseDatabaseErrorPage();
      }
      else
      {
        app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
      }

      app.UseStaticFiles();

      app.UseAuthentication();

      app.UseMvc(routes =>
      {
        routes.MapRoute(
          name: "default",
          template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
      });
    }
  }
}

運(yùn)行程序,點(diǎn)擊登陸(只要訪問(wèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的操作都可),出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤頁(yè)面: