Ivar: 實例變量類型，是一個指向objc_ivar結構體的指針
typedef struct objc_ivar *Ivar;

// 獲取所有成員變量
class_copyIvarList
// 獲取成員變量名
ivar_getName
// 獲取成員變量類型編碼
ivar_getTypeEncoding
// 獲取指定名稱的成員變量
class_getInstanceVariable
// 獲取某個對象成員變量的值
object_getIvar
// 設置某個對象成員變量的值
object_setIvar

<!--Person.h文件-->
@interface Person : NSObject
{
  NSString *address;
}
@property(nonatomic,strong)NSString *name;
@property(nonatomic,assign)NSInteger age;

//遍歷獲取Person類所有的成員變量IvarList
- (void) getAllIvarList {
  unsigned int methodCount = 0;
  Ivar * ivars = class_copyIvarList([Person class], &methodCount);
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < methodCount; i ++) {
    Ivar ivar = ivars[i];
    const char * name = ivar_getName(ivar);
    const char * type = ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar);
    NSLog(@"Person擁有的成員變量的類型為%s，名字為 %s ",type, name);
  }
  free(ivars);
}

<!--打印結果-->
2016-06-15 20:26:39.412 demo-Cocoa之method swizzle[17798:2565569] Person擁有的成員變量的類型為@"NSString"，名字為 address 
2016-06-15 20:26:39.413 demo-Cocoa之method swizzle[17798:2565569] Person擁有的成員變量的類型為@"NSString"，名字為 _name 
2016-06-15 20:26:39.413 demo-Cocoa之method swizzle[17798:2565569] Person擁有的成員變量的類型為q，名字為 _age

objc_property_t：聲明的屬性的類型，是一個指向objc_property結構體的指針
typedef struct objc_property *objc_property_t;

// 獲取所有屬性
class_copyPropertyList
說明：使用class_copyPropertyList并不會獲取無@property聲明的成員變量
// 獲取屬性名
property_getName
// 獲取屬性特性描述字符串
property_getAttributes
// 獲取所有屬性特性
property_copyAttributeList

<!--Person.h文件-->
@interface Person : NSObject
{
  NSString *address;
}
@property(nonatomic,strong)NSString *name;
@property(nonatomic,assign)NSInteger age;

//遍歷獲取所有屬性Property
- (void) getAllProperty {
  unsigned int propertyCount = 0;
  objc_property_t *propertyList = class_copyPropertyList([Person class], &propertyCount);
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < propertyCount; i++ ) {
    objc_property_t *thisProperty = propertyList[i];
    const char* propertyName = property_getName(*thisProperty);
    NSLog(@"Person擁有的屬性為: '%s'", propertyName);
  }
}

<!--打印結果-->
2016-06-15 20:25:19.653 demo-Cocoa之method swizzle[17778:2564081] Person擁有的屬性為: 'name'
2016-06-15 20:25:19.653 demo-Cocoa之method swizzle[17778:2564081] Person擁有的屬性為: 'age'

- (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict {
  if (self = [self init]) {
    //(1)獲取類的屬性及屬性對應的類型
    NSMutableArray * keys = [NSMutableArray array];
    NSMutableArray * attributes = [NSMutableArray array];
    /*
     * 例子
     * name = value3 attribute = T@"NSString",C,N,V_value3
     * name = value4 attribute = T^i,N,V_value4
     */
    unsigned int outCount;
    objc_property_t * properties = class_copyPropertyList([self class], &outCount);
    for (int i = 0; i < outCount; i ++) {
      objc_property_t property = properties[i];
      //通過property_getName函數獲得屬性的名字
      NSString * propertyName = [NSString stringWithCString:property_getName(property) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
      [keys addObject:propertyName];
      //通過property_getAttributes函數可以獲得屬性的名字和@encode編碼
      NSString * propertyAttribute = [NSString stringWithCString:property_getAttributes(property) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
      [attributes addObject:propertyAttribute];
    }
    //立即釋放properties指向的內存
    free(properties);
 
    //(2)根據類型給屬性賦值
    for (NSString * key in keys) {
      if ([dict valueForKey:key] == nil) continue;
      [self setValue:[dict valueForKey:key] forKey:key];
    }
  }
  return self;
}

- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder {
  if (self = [super init]) {
    unsigned int outCount;
    Ivar * ivars = class_copyIvarList([self class], &outCount);
    for (int i = 0; i < outCount; i ++) {
      Ivar ivar = ivars[i];
      NSString * key = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:ivar_getName(ivar)];
      [self setValue:[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:key] forKey:key];
    }
  }
  return self;
}

- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder {
  unsigned int outCount;
  Ivar * ivars = class_copyIvarList([self class], &outCount);
  for (int i = 0; i < outCount; i ++) {
    Ivar ivar = ivars[i];
    NSString * key = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:ivar_getName(ivar)];
    [aCoder encodeObject:[self valueForKey:key] forKey:key];
  }
}

Ivar ivar = class_getInstanceVariable([Model class], "_str1");
NSString * str1 = object_getIvar(model, ivar);