Django-xadmin+rule對(duì)象級(jí)權(quán)限的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式

更新時(shí)間：2020年03月30日 16:45:11 作者：菲宇

今天小編就為大家分享一篇Django-xadmin+rule對(duì)象級(jí)權(quán)限的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式，具有很好的參考價(jià)值，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。一起跟隨小編過(guò)來(lái)看看吧

1. 需求vs現(xiàn)狀

1.1 需求

要求做一個(gè)ERP后臺(tái)輔助管理的程序，有以下幾項(xiàng)基本要求：

1. 基本的增刪改查功能

2. 基于對(duì)象的權(quán)限控制（如：系統(tǒng)用戶分為平臺(tái)運(yùn)營(yíng)人員和商家用戶，商家用戶小A只能查看編輯所屬商家記錄，而管理員可以縱覽全局）

3. 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)記錄導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)出（xsl, json等），并且擁有對(duì)象級(jí)的權(quán)限控制（如：小A不能導(dǎo)出小B公司的信息，更不能導(dǎo)入小B公司信息進(jìn)行更新和新增）

1.2 現(xiàn)狀

實(shí)現(xiàn)需求1：Django-admin讓我們能夠很方便的實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)管理后臺(tái)程序。django-xadmin則在擁有admin基本功能的基礎(chǔ)上增加了更為豐富的功能、界面也更加漂亮。類似還有django-suit等，本文使用xadmin（功能更豐富）；

實(shí)現(xiàn)需求2：django-admin，以及xadmin都只有基于model級(jí)的權(quán)限控制機(jī)制，需要自己擴(kuò)展或者使用開(kāi)源解決方案，如django-guardian，django-rules，本文結(jié)合django-rules實(shí)現(xiàn)了該功能；

實(shí)現(xiàn)需求3：xadmin雖然自帶導(dǎo)出功能，但是導(dǎo)入功能沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)，django自帶后臺(tái)結(jié)合django-import-export可以很容易實(shí)現(xiàn)，但是xadmin并不直接兼容，只有通過(guò)xadmin的插件機(jī)制實(shí)現(xiàn)。

2. 功能實(shí)現(xiàn)

本節(jié)主要展示對(duì)象級(jí)權(quán)限功能實(shí)現(xiàn)。django工程、xadmin替換原生admin的設(shè)置，請(qǐng)參照官方文檔。

2.1 安裝并配置rules

pip安裝:pip install django-rules

配置settings.py

# settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
  # ...
  'rules',
)
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
  'rules.permissions.ObjectPermissionBackend',
  'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend',
)

2.2 建立model

新增CompanyUser模型表示商家賬戶（即對(duì)django自帶user模塊進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，使每個(gè)賬號(hào)綁定自己的公司碼），新增Customer模型表示商家的客戶信息并包含公司碼字段，商家賬號(hào)只能查看、編輯、導(dǎo)入、導(dǎo)出公司碼一致的商家客戶信息

# model.py
class CompanyUser(models.Model):
  user = models.OneToOneField(User, verbose_name='用戶名')
  is_taixiang_admin = models.BooleanField('是否運(yùn)營(yíng)人員', default=False)
  company_code = models.CharField('公司碼', max_length=20, blank=True, default='')

  def __unicode__(self):
    return '%s' % self.user

  class Meta:
    verbose_name = '導(dǎo)入賬號(hào)'
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

class Customer(models.Model):
  name = models.CharField('客戶姓名', max_length=50)
  phone = models.CharField('客戶電話', max_length=12)
  type_choice = ((1, '普通'), (2, '批發(fā)'), (3, 'VIP'))
  creator = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, verbose_name='創(chuàng)建人', blank=True, null=True)
  company_code = models.CharField('公司碼', max_length=20, blank=True, null=True)

  def __unicode__(self):
    return '%s-%s-%s' % (self.company_code, self.name, self.phone1)

  class Meta:
    permissions = (
      ("simulate_import_customer", "允許模擬導(dǎo)入客戶"),
      ("import_customer", "允許導(dǎo)入客戶至商家系統(tǒng)"),
            )
    verbose_name = "客戶"
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

2.2 使用rule

在model統(tǒng)計(jì)目錄新增rules.py，配置該app相關(guān)的對(duì)象權(quán)限

引用rules

# rules.py
# On Python 2, you must also add the following to the top of your rules.py file, or you'll get import errors trying to import django-rules itself
from __future__ import absolute_import

import rules

# 使用修飾符@rules.predicate自定義predicates（判斷），返回True表示有權(quán)限，F(xiàn)alse表示無(wú)權(quán)限

# Predicates

@rules.predicate
def is_colleague(user, entry):
  if not entry or not hasattr(user, 'companyuser'):
    return False
  return entry.company_code == user.companyuser.company_code


@rules.predicate
def is_taixiang_admin(user):
  if not hasattr(user, 'companyuser'):
    return False
  return user.companyuser.is_taixiang_admin

# predicates間可以進(jìn)行運(yùn)算
is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin = is_colleague | is_taixiang_admin | rules.is_superuser

# 設(shè)置Rules

rules.add_rule('can_view_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)
rules.add_rule('can_delete_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)
rules.add_perm('can_change_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)

# 設(shè)置Permissions

rules.add_perm('data_import.view_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)
rules.add_perm('data_import.delete_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)
rules.add_perm('data_import.add_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)
rules.add_perm('data_import.change_customer', is_colleague_or_taixiang_admin)

2.3 admin.py以及adminx.py設(shè)置

如果使用原生的django-admin，admin.py做如下設(shè)置：

# admin.py
from __future__ import absolute_import

from django.contrib import admin
from rules.contrib.admin import ObjectPermissionsModelAdmin
from .models import Customer

# ModelAdmin class繼承ObjectPermissionsModelAdmin即可
class CustomerAdmin(ObjectPermissionsModelAdmin):
  pass

admin.site.register(Customer, CustomerAdmin)

使用xadmin，由于ObjectPermissionsModelAdmin無(wú)法直接使用，故參照源碼重寫has_change_permission和has_delete_permission方法即可。

注意：必須引用rules文件，權(quán)限規(guī)則才會(huì)生效，對(duì)于xadmin，添加

from .rules import *即可

# adminx.py
class CustomerAdmin(object):
  def has_change_permission(self, obj=None):
    codename = get_permission_codename('change', self.opts)
    return self.user.has_perm('%s.%s' % (self.app_label, codename), obj)

  def has_delete_permission(self, obj=None):
    codename = get_permission_codename('delete', self.opts)
    return self.user.has_perm('%s.%s' % (self.app_label, codename), obj)

  # 重寫queryset()或者get_list_display()，list view的權(quán)限也做到了對(duì)象級(jí)隔離
  def queryset(self):
    qs = super(CustomerAdmin, self).queryset()
    if self.request.user.is_superuser or is_taixiang_admin(self.request.user):
      return qs
    try:
      return qs.filter(company_code=self.request.user.companyuser.company_code)
    except AttributeError:
      return None

class CompanyUserAdmin(object):
  pass

xadmin.sites.site.register(Customer, CustomerAdmin)
xadmin.sites.site.register(CompanyUser, CompanyUserAdmin)

2.4 效果展示

CompanyUser設(shè)置：

商家賬號(hào)只有所屬公司信息權(quán)限

運(yùn)營(yíng)人員擁有所有記錄權(quán)限

補(bǔ)充知識(shí)：django 擴(kuò)展自帶權(quán)限,使其支持對(duì)象權(quán)限

擴(kuò)展django 自帶權(quán)限

說(shuō)明

在不重寫自帶權(quán)限的基礎(chǔ)上，完成支持對(duì)象權(quán)限，適用于小型項(xiàng)目。

歡迎提出修改意見(jiàn)

軟件支持

jsonfield

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

新建3個(gè)表

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser, Group ,User
 
from jsonfield import JSONField
 
class Request(models.Model):
  request = models.CharField(max_length=16, verbose_name='請(qǐng)求類型(大寫)')
 
  class Meta:
    db_table = "request"
    verbose_name = "請(qǐng)求類型"
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
  def __str__(self):
    return self.request
 
class RolePermission(models.Model):
  role = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='角色組')
  table = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='表名字')
  request = models.ManyToManyField(Request, verbose_name='請(qǐng)求', related_name='re', )
  permission = JSONField(max_length=1024, verbose_name='權(quán)限條件')
 
  class Meta:
    db_table = "role_permission"
    verbose_name = "角色組權(quán)限"
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
  def __str__(self):
    return self.role
 
class Role(models.Model):
  group = models.ForeignKey(Group, verbose_name='用戶組', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
  roles = models.ManyToManyField(RolePermission, verbose_name='角色組權(quán)限', blank=True,related_name='roles' )
 
  class Meta:
    db_table = "role"
    verbose_name = "角色組關(guān)系"
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
  def __str__(self):
    return self.group.name

system/models
Role         角色組關(guān)系  : 系統(tǒng)用戶組 <--> 角色組權(quán)限
Request       請(qǐng)求類型   : GET ,POST
RolePermission   角色組權(quán)限  : 角色 表名字 請(qǐng)求 權(quán)限條件(JSON類型)

重點(diǎn)為 RolePermission 表。

例子

以常見(jiàn)的資產(chǎn) asset 為例

表名字 asset 字段 groups (分組為 dev,ops)
權(quán)限劃分
新建用戶 hequan
新建組 dev

在Request 表添加

GET （代表只讀）
POST （代表更新刪除）

在RolePermission 添加

角色 asset-dev只讀
表名字assset
請(qǐng)求 GET
權(quán)限條件 {"groups":'dev'}

在Role 表中添加

系統(tǒng)用戶組 dev
角色組權(quán)限 asset-dev只讀

權(quán)限驗(yàn)證代碼

import json
from system.models import Role
from functools import wraps
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
 
def role_permission_get_list(function):
  """
  列表頁(yè)面 控制權(quán)限
  :param function:
  :return:
  """
 
  @wraps(function)
  def wrapped(self):
    user = self.request.user
    groups = [x['name'] for x in self.request.user.groups.values()]
    request_type = self.request.method
    model = str(self.model._meta).split(".")[1]
 
    filter_dict = {}
    not_list = ['page', 'order_by', 'csrfmiddlewaretoken']
    for k, v in dict(self.request.GET).items():
      if [i for i in v if i != ''] and (k not in not_list):
        if '__in' in k:
          filter_dict[k] = v
        else:
          filter_dict[k] = v[0]
 
    if not user.is_superuser:
      role_groups = Role.objects.filter(group__name__in=groups).values_list('roles__table',
                                         'roles__request__request',
                                         'roles__permission')
 
      permission_dict = {}
      for i in role_groups:
        if i[0] == model and i[1] == request_type:
          permission_dict = json.loads(i[2])
 
      if permission_dict:
        if filter_dict:
          for k, v in permission_dict.items():
            if '__in' in k:
              k1 = k.replace('__in', '')
            if '__gt' in k:
              k1 = k.replace('__gt', '')
            if '__lt' in k:
              k1 = k.replace('__lt', '')
            else:
              k1 = k
            if k1 in list(filter_dict.keys()):
              del filter_dict[k1]
 
          if filter_dict:
            filter_dict.update(**permission_dict)
          else:
            print('查詢條件處理后為空,默認(rèn)權(quán)限')
            filter_dict = permission_dict
        else:
          print('查詢條件為空,默認(rèn)權(quán)限')
          filter_dict = permission_dict
      else:
        print('沒(méi)有權(quán)限')
        filter_dict = {'id': -1}
 
    self.filter_dict = filter_dict
    result = function(self)
    return result
 
  return wrapped
 
def role_permission_detail(function):
  """
  詳情頁(yè)面 控制權(quán)限
  :param function:
  :return:
  """
 
  @wraps(function)
  def wrapped(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    user = self.request.user
 
    if not user.is_superuser:
      groups = [x['name'] for x in self.request.user.groups.values()]
      request_type = self.request.method
      model = str(self.model._meta).split(".")[1]
      pk = self.kwargs.get(self.pk_url_kwarg, None)
 
      role_groups = Role.objects.filter(group__name__in=groups).values_list('roles__table',
                                         'roles__request__request',
                                         'roles__permission')
 
      permission_dict = {}
      for i in role_groups:
        if i[0] == model and i[1] == request_type:
          permission_dict = json.loads(i[2])
 
      permission_dict['id'] = pk
      obj = self.model.objects.filter(**permission_dict).count()
      if not obj:
        return HttpResponse(status=403)
 
    result = function(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
    return result
 
  return wrapped
 
def role_permission_update_delete(function):
  """
  詳情頁(yè)面 控制權(quán)限
  :param function:
  :return:
  """
 
  @wraps(function)
  def wrapped(self, request):
    user = self.request.user
    if not user.is_superuser:
 
      groups = [x['name'] for x in self.request.user.groups.values()]
      request_type = self.request.method
      model = str(self.model._meta).split(".")[1]
      pk = self.request.POST.get('nid', None)
 
      role_groups = Role.objects.filter(group__name__in=groups).values_list('roles__table',
                                         'roles__request__request',
                                         'roles__permission')
 
      permission_dict = {}
      for i in role_groups:
        if i[0] == model and i[1] == request_type:
          permission_dict = json.loads(i[2])
 
      permission_dict['id'] = pk
      obj = self.model.objects.filter(**permission_dict).count()
      if not obj:
        ret = {'status': None, 'error': "沒(méi)有權(quán)限,拒絕", 'msg': 'Without permission, rejected'}
        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
 
    result = function(self, request)
    return result
 
  return wrapped

CBV 例子

省略部分代碼

class AssetListAll(LoginRequiredMixin, ListView):
  model = Ecs
 
  @role_permission_get_list
  def get_queryset(self):
    filter_dict = self.filter_dict
    self.queryset = self.model.objects.filter(**filter_dict)
    return self.queryset

class AssetChange(LoginRequiredMixin, UpdateView):
  model = Ecs
 
  @role_permission_detail
  def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    return super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
 
  @role_permission_update_delete
  def form_valid(self, form):
    self.object = form.save()
    return super().form_valid(form)

class AssetDetail(LoginRequiredMixin, DetailView):
  model = Ecs
 
  @role_permission_detail
  def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    return super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

class AssetDel(LoginRequiredMixin, View):
  model = Ecs
 
  @role_permission_update_delete
  def post(self, request):
    pass

以上這篇Django-xadmin+rule對(duì)象級(jí)權(quán)限的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式就是小編分享給大家的全部?jī)?nèi)容了，希望能給大家一個(gè)參考，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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