Pytorch實(shí)現(xiàn)全連接層的操作

更新時(shí)間：2021年05月10日 09:37:20 作者：陳千鶴

這篇文章主要介紹了pytorch實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單全連接層的操作，具有很好的參考價(jià)值，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。一起跟隨小編過(guò)來(lái)看看吧

全連接神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)（FC）

全連接神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一種最基本的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)，英文為Full Connection，所以一般簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)FC。

FC的準(zhǔn)則很簡(jiǎn)單：神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中除輸入層之外的每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)都和上一層的所有節(jié)點(diǎn)有連接。

以上一次的MNIST為例

import torch
import torch.utils.data
from torch import optim
from torchvision import datasets
from torchvision.transforms import transforms
import torch.nn.functional as F
batch_size = 200
learning_rate = 0.001
epochs = 20
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
    datasets.MNIST('mnistdata', train=True, download=False,
                   transform=transforms.Compose([
                       transforms.ToTensor(),
                       transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))
                   ])),
    batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
    datasets.MNIST('mnistdata', train=False, download=False,
                   transform=transforms.Compose([
                       transforms.ToTensor(),
                       transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))
                   ])),
    batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
w1, b1 = torch.randn(200, 784, requires_grad=True), torch.zeros(200, requires_grad=True)
w2, b2 = torch.randn(200, 200, requires_grad=True), torch.zeros(200, requires_grad=True)
w3, b3 = torch.randn(10, 200, requires_grad=True), torch.zeros(10, requires_grad=True)
torch.nn.init.kaiming_normal_(w1)
torch.nn.init.kaiming_normal_(w2)
torch.nn.init.kaiming_normal_(w3)
def forward(x):
    x = x@w1.t() + b1
    x = F.relu(x)
    x = x@w2.t() + b2
    x = F.relu(x)
    x = x@w3.t() + b3
    x = F.relu(x)
    return x
optimizer = optim.Adam([w1, b1, w2, b2, w3, b3], lr=learning_rate)
criteon = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
for epoch in range(epochs):
    for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
        data = data.view(-1, 28*28)
        logits = forward(data)
        loss = criteon(logits, target)
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()
        if batch_idx % 100 == 0:
            print('Train Epoch : {} [{}/{} ({:.0f}%)]\tLoss: {:.6f}'.format(
                epoch, batch_idx*len(data), len(train_loader.dataset),
                100.*batch_idx/len(train_loader), loss.item()
            ))
    test_loss = 0
    correct = 0
    for data, target in test_loader:
        data = data.view(-1, 28*28)
        logits = forward(data)
        test_loss += criteon(logits, target).item()
        pred = logits.data.max(1)[1]
        correct += pred.eq(target.data).sum()
    test_loss /= len(test_loader.dataset)
    print('\nTest set : Averge loss: {:.4f}, Accurancy: {}/{}({:.3f}%)'.format(
        test_loss, correct, len(test_loader.dataset),
        100.*correct/len(test_loader.dataset)
        ))

我們將每個(gè)w和b都進(jìn)行了定義，并且自己寫(xiě)了一個(gè)forward函數(shù)。如果我們采用了全連接層，那么整個(gè)代碼也會(huì)更加簡(jiǎn)介明了。

首先，我們定義自己的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的類(lèi)：

class MLP(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(MLP, self).__init__()
        self.model = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(784, 200),
            nn.LeakyReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Linear(200, 200),
            nn.LeakyReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Linear(200, 10),
            nn.LeakyReLU(inplace=True)
        )
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.model(x)
        return x

它繼承于nn.Moudle，并且自己定義里整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)。

其中inplace的作用是直接復(fù)用存儲(chǔ)空間，減少新開(kāi)辟存儲(chǔ)空間。

除此之外，它可以直接進(jìn)行運(yùn)算，不需要手動(dòng)定義參數(shù)和寫(xiě)出運(yùn)算語(yǔ)句，更加簡(jiǎn)便。

同時(shí)我們還可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，它自動(dòng)完成了初試化，不需要像之前一樣再手動(dòng)寫(xiě)一個(gè)初始化了。

區(qū)分nn.Relu和F.relu()

前者是一個(gè)類(lèi)的接口，后者是一個(gè)函數(shù)式接口。

前者都是大寫(xiě)的，并且調(diào)用的的時(shí)候需要先實(shí)例化才能使用，而后者是小寫(xiě)的可以直接使用。

最重要的是后者的自由度更高，更適合做一些自己定義的操作。

完整代碼

import torch
import torch.utils.data
from torch import optim, nn
from torchvision import datasets
from torchvision.transforms import transforms
import torch.nn.functional as F
batch_size = 200
learning_rate = 0.001
epochs = 20
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
    datasets.MNIST('mnistdata', train=True, download=False,
                   transform=transforms.Compose([
                       transforms.ToTensor(),
                       transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))
                   ])),
    batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
    datasets.MNIST('mnistdata', train=False, download=False,
                   transform=transforms.Compose([
                       transforms.ToTensor(),
                       transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))
                   ])),
    batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
class MLP(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(MLP, self).__init__()
        self.model = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(784, 200),
            nn.LeakyReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Linear(200, 200),
            nn.LeakyReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Linear(200, 10),
            nn.LeakyReLU(inplace=True)
        )
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.model(x)
        return x
device = torch.device('cuda:0')
net = MLP().to(device)
optimizer = optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)
criteon = nn.CrossEntropyLoss().to(device)
for epoch in range(epochs):
    for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
        data = data.view(-1, 28*28)
        data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
        logits = net(data)
        loss = criteon(logits, target)
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()
        if batch_idx % 100 == 0:
            print('Train Epoch : {} [{}/{} ({:.0f}%)]\tLoss: {:.6f}'.format(
                epoch, batch_idx*len(data), len(train_loader.dataset),
                100.*batch_idx/len(train_loader), loss.item()
            ))
    test_loss = 0
    correct = 0
    for data, target in test_loader:
        data = data.view(-1, 28*28)
        data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
        logits = net(data)
        test_loss += criteon(logits, target).item()
        pred = logits.data.max(1)[1]
        correct += pred.eq(target.data).sum()
    test_loss /= len(test_loader.dataset)
    print('\nTest set : Averge loss: {:.4f}, Accurancy: {}/{}({:.3f}%)'.format(
        test_loss, correct, len(test_loader.dataset),
        100.*correct/len(test_loader.dataset)
        ))

補(bǔ)充：pytorch 實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)隱層的全連接神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

torch.nn 實(shí)現(xiàn) 模型的定義，網(wǎng)絡(luò)層的定義，損失函數(shù)的定義。

import torch
# N is batch size; D_in is input dimension;
# H is hidden dimension; D_out is output dimension.
N, D_in, H, D_out = 64, 1000, 100, 10
# Create random Tensors to hold inputs and outputs
x = torch.randn(N, D_in)
y = torch.randn(N, D_out)
# Use the nn package to define our model as a sequence of layers. nn.Sequential
# is a Module which contains other Modules, and applies them in sequence to
# produce its output. Each Linear Module computes output from input using a
# linear function, and holds internal Tensors for its weight and bias.
model = torch.nn.Sequential(
    torch.nn.Linear(D_in, H),
    torch.nn.ReLU(),
    torch.nn.Linear(H, D_out),
)
# The nn package also contains definitions of popular loss functions; in this
# case we will use Mean Squared Error (MSE) as our loss function.
loss_fn = torch.nn.MSELoss(reduction='sum')
learning_rate = 1e-4
for t in range(500):
    # Forward pass: compute predicted y by passing x to the model. Module objects
    # override the __call__ operator so you can call them like functions. When
    # doing so you pass a Tensor of input data to the Module and it produces
    # a Tensor of output data.
    y_pred = model(x)
    # Compute and print loss. We pass Tensors containing the predicted and true
    # values of y, and the loss function returns a Tensor containing the
    # loss.
    loss = loss_fn(y_pred, y)
    print(t, loss.item())
    # Zero the gradients before running the backward pass.
    model.zero_grad()
    # Backward pass: compute gradient of the loss with respect to all the learnable
    # parameters of the model. Internally, the parameters of each Module are stored
    # in Tensors with requires_grad=True, so this call will compute gradients for
    # all learnable parameters in the model.
    loss.backward()
    # Update the weights using gradient descent. Each parameter is a Tensor, so
    # we can access its gradients like we did before.
    with torch.no_grad():
        for param in model.parameters():
            param -= learning_rate * param.grad

上面，我們使用parem= -= learning_rate* param.grad 手動(dòng)更新參數(shù)。

使用torch.optim 自動(dòng)優(yōu)化參數(shù)。optim這個(gè)package提供了各種不同的模型優(yōu)化方法，包括SGD+momentum, RMSProp, Adam等等。

optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)
for t in range(500):
    y_pred = model(x)
    loss = loss_fn(y_pred, y)
    optimizer.zero_grad()
    loss.backward()
    optimizer.step()

以上為個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)，希望能給大家一個(gè)參考，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。如有錯(cuò)誤或未考慮完全的地方，望不吝賜教。

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