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Python實(shí)現(xiàn)隨機(jī)生成迷宮并自動尋路

更新時間：2021年06月12日 10:34:37 作者：WA的一聲哭出來 pnq

最近在學(xué)習(xí)Python，正好今天在學(xué)習(xí)隨機(jī)數(shù)，本文實(shí)現(xiàn)了Python實(shí)現(xiàn)隨機(jī)生成迷宮并自動尋路，感興趣的可以了解一下

Python深搜版：

核心在于帶隨機(jī)的深搜（見代碼第23到27行，其實(shí)也可以用22行代替這幾行代碼，你可以試著把第24行的數(shù)字4改大或者改小，即調(diào)整隨機(jī)程度）

import os
import random
from queue import Queue
import numpy
import colorama
from colorama import Fore, Back, Style
import sys   

from bmpEditor import bmp

colorama.init()


# numpy.random.seed(1)
_xy = [0,2,0,-2,0]
size = 31
sys.setrecursionlimit(100000000)

road = set()
def dfs(curr_pos):
	road.add(curr_pos)
	# for i in numpy.random.permutation(4):
	p = [0,1,2,3]
	for i in range(4):
		l = random.randint(0,3)
		r = random.randint(0,3)
		p[l], p[r] = p[r], p[l]
	for i in p:
		next_pos = (curr_pos[0] + _xy[i], curr_pos[1] + _xy[i+1])
		if (0<=next_pos[0]<size and
			0<=next_pos[1]<size and
			next_pos not in road ):
			
			road.add(((curr_pos[0] + next_pos[0])/2, (curr_pos[1] + next_pos[1])/2))
			dfs(next_pos)

dfs((0,0))

q = Queue()
q.put((0,0))
ans_road = set()
def dfs_getans(curr_pos):
	# print(curr_pos)
	ans_road.add(curr_pos)
	if (size-1, size-1) in ans_road:
		return
	for i in range(4):
		next_pos = (curr_pos[0] + _xy[i]//2, curr_pos[1] + _xy[i+1]//2)
		if (0<=next_pos[0]<size and
			0<=next_pos[1]<size and
			next_pos in road and
			next_pos not in ans_road and
			(size-1, size-1) not in ans_road):
			
			dfs_getans(next_pos)
	if (size-1, size-1) not in ans_road:
		ans_road.remove(curr_pos)

dfs_getans((0,0))

for i in range(size):
	for j in range(size):
		print((Back.WHITE + ' ') if (i,j) in road else (Back.BLACK + ' '), end=' ')
	print()


wall_width = 2
cell_size = 6
image = bmp((size+3)*cell_size-wall_width, (size+3)*cell_size-wall_width, 0x000000)
for i in range(size+3):
	for j in range(size+3):
		if (i-1, j-1) in road:
			image.paint_rect(i*cell_size, j*cell_size, cell_size*2-wall_width, cell_size*2-wall_width, 0xffffff)

file_name = "%dmaze.bmp"%size
image.save_image(file_name)
os.system(file_name)

for p in ans_road:
	# image.paint_rect(p[0]+1, p[1]+1)
	image.paint_rect((
		p[0]+1)*cell_size + (cell_size - wall_width)//2,
		(p[1]+1)*cell_size + (cell_size - wall_width)//2,
		cell_size, cell_size,
		0xff0000
	)

file_name = "%dans.bmp"%size
image.save_image(file_name)
os.system(file_name)

效果

3131：

8181：

在這里插入圖片描述

坐標(biāo)系有翻轉(zhuǎn)，控制臺中的左上角對應(yīng)圖片中的左下角

其中bmpEditor不是官方庫，代碼地址（文件名為bmpEditor.py，和這以上代碼放同一個路徑下即可）

Python 廣搜版

在隊(duì)列的基礎(chǔ)上把隊(duì)列中的元素順序打亂（第24行）

import os
import random
from queue import Queue
import numpy
import colorama
from colorama import Fore, Back, Style
import sys   
import random   

from bmpEditor import bmp
colorama.init()


numpy.random.seed(1)
_xy = [0,2,0,-2,0]
size = 59
sys.setrecursionlimit(size*size//4+size)

q = []
q.append((0,0))
road = set()
road.add((0,0))
while len(q) != 0:
	random.shuffle(q)
	curr_pos = q.pop()
	# print(curr_pos)
	for i in range(4):
		next_pos = (curr_pos[0] + _xy[i], curr_pos[1] + _xy[i+1])
		if (	0<=next_pos[0]<size and
				0<=next_pos[1]<size and
				next_pos not in road ):
			road.add( ((curr_pos[0] + next_pos[0])//2, (curr_pos[1] + next_pos[1])//2) )
			q.append(next_pos)
			road.add(next_pos)

ans_road = set()
def dfs_getans(curr_pos):
	ans_road.add(curr_pos)
	if (size-1, size-1) in ans_road:
		return
	for i in range(4):
		next_pos = (curr_pos[0] + _xy[i]//2, curr_pos[1] + _xy[i+1]//2)
		if (	0<=next_pos[0]<size and
				0<=next_pos[1]<size and
				next_pos in road and
				next_pos not in ans_road and
				(size-1, size-1) not in ans_road):
			dfs_getans(next_pos)
	if (size-1, size-1) not in ans_road:
		ans_road.remove(curr_pos)

dfs_getans((0,0))
print(len(ans_road))

for i in range(0, size):
	for j in range(0, size):
		print((Back.WHITE + ' ') if (i,j) in road else (Back.BLACK + ' '), end=' ')
	print()
wall_width = 1
cell_size = 5
image = bmp((size+3)*cell_size-wall_width, (size+3)*cell_size-wall_width, 0x000000)
for i in range(size+3):
	for j in range(size+3):
		if (i-1, j-1) in road:
			image.paint_rect(i*cell_size, j*cell_size, cell_size*2-wall_width, cell_size*2-wall_width, 0xffffff)

file_name = "%dmaze.bmp"%size
image.save_image(file_name)
os.system(file_name)

for p in ans_road:
	# image.paint_rect(p[0]+1, p[1]+1)
	image.paint_rect((
		p[0]+1)*cell_size + (cell_size - wall_width)//2,
		(p[1]+1)*cell_size + (cell_size - wall_width)//2,
		cell_size, cell_size,
		0xff0000
	)

file_name = "%dans.bmp"%size
image.save_image(file_name)
os.system(file_name)

效果：

在這里插入圖片描述

相比深度優(yōu)先的，這種迷宮會更加“直”一些

lua版：

大體上是深搜，加了一定的隨機(jī)性使得搜索過程中有一定概率暫時放棄當(dāng)前路徑。見表stop_points，（第7行、第74行及其后面的repeat循環(huán)）

local _xy = {0,2,0,-2,0}
local size = 41
local base = size+1
local road = {}

stop_points = {}
function dfs(curr_x, curr_y)
	road[curr_x*base+curr_y] = true
	if math.random(1,10) <= 3 then
		stop_points[curr_x*base+curr_y] = true
		return
	end
	-- os.execute("cls")
	-- print_map()
	local permutation = {1,2,3,4}
	for i=1, 4 do
		local l = math.random(1,4)
		local r = math.random(1,4)
		permutation[l], permutation[r] = permutation[r], permutation[l]
	end

	for i=1, 4 do
		local next_x = curr_x+_xy[permutation[i]]
		local next_y = curr_y+_xy[permutation[i]+1]
		if  next_x>=1 and next_x<=size and
			next_y>=1 and next_y<=size and
			road[next_x*base+next_y] == nil then

			local mid_x = math.floor((curr_x+next_x)/2)
			local mid_y = math.floor((curr_y+next_y)/2)
			road[mid_x*base+mid_y] = true
			dfs(next_x, next_y)
		end
	end
end

local ans_geted = false
local parent = {}
function get_ans(curr_x, curr_y)
	-- print(curr_x, curr_y)
	for i=1, 4 do
		next_x =  (curr_x + math.floor(_xy[i])/2 )
		next_y =  (curr_y + math.floor(_xy[i+1])/2 )
		-- print(next_x, next_y)
		if  next_x >= 1 and next_x <= size and
			next_y >= 1 and next_y <= size and
			road[next_x*base+next_y] and
			parent[next_x*base+next_y]==nil
		then
			parent[next_x*base+next_y] = curr_x*base+curr_y
			get_ans(next_x, next_y)
		end
	end

end

local ans_road = {}
function print_map()
	for i=0, size+1 do
		local line = ""
		for j=0, size+1 do
			if ans_road [i*base+j] then
				line = line..".."
			elseif road[i*base+j]==true then
				line = line.."  "
			else
				line = line.."HH"
			end
		end
		print(line)
	end
end

stop_points[1*base+1] = true

-- create maze
repeat
	local has_point = false
	for v,_ in pairs(stop_points) do
		has_point = true
		stop_points[v] = nil
		dfs(math.floor(v/base), v%base)
		break
	end
	-- print(has_point)
until not has_point


get_ans(1,1)
parent[1*base+1] = nil
print("")
-- for k,v in pairs(parent) do
-- 	print(string.format("[%d,%d]->[%d,%d]", math.floor(k/base), k%base, math.floor(v/base), v%base))
-- end
print("")
local x = size
local y = size
repeat
	-- print(x,y)
	ans_road[x*base+y] = true
	local v = parent[x*base+y]
	x = math.floor(v/base)
	y = v%base
until --[[(x==1 and y== 1)]] not parent[x*base+y]
ans_road[1*base+1] = true

print_map()

效果：

4141：