Java使用Socket簡單通訊詳解

更新時(shí)間：2021年08月11日 15:18:03 作者：Aputonos

這篇文章主要介紹了Java使用Socket簡單通訊詳解,本篇文章通過簡要的案例,講解了該項(xiàng)技術(shù)的了解與使用,以下就是詳細(xì)內(nèi)容,需要的朋友可以參考下

Java實(shí)現(xiàn)基于Socket的簡單通信

一.ServerSocket

1.使用JavaFX寫的小界面，方便觀察客戶端連接情況

等待客戶端連接服務(wù)器

    TextArea ta = new TextArea();
        Scene scene = new Scene(new javafx.scene.control.ScrollPane(ta), 450, 200);
        primaryStage.setTitle("Server");
        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        primaryStage.show();

2.創(chuàng)建ServerSocket并處理客戶端連接并顯示客戶端基本信息

兩個(gè)客戶端連接后進(jìn)行通信，未能實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)處理。

        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8000);
                Platform.runLater(() -> {
                    ta.appendText(new Date() + " : Server started at "  + "\n");
                    ta.appendText(new Date() + " : wait to persons to join the chat" + "\n");
                });

                while (true){
                    Socket person1 = serverSocket.accept();
                    number++;
                    InetAddress inetAddress1 = person1.getInetAddress();
                    Platform.runLater(() -> {
                        ta.appendText(new Date() + ": Person"  + number + "joined the chat" + "\n");
                        ta.appendText(new Date() + ": Person"  + number + "'s host name is " + inetAddress1.getHostName() + "\n");
                        ta.appendText(new Date() + ": Person"  + number + "'s host address is " + inetAddress1.getHostAddress() + "\n");
                        ta.appendText(new Date() + ": wait for Person2 " + "\n");
                    });

                    Socket person2 = serverSocket.accept();
                    number++;
                    InetAddress inetAddress2 = person2.getInetAddress();
                    Platform.runLater(() -> {
                        ta.appendText(new Date() + ": Person"  + number + "joined the chat" + "\n");
                        ta.appendText(new Date() + ": Person"  + number + "'s host name is " + inetAddress2.getHostName() + "\n");
                        ta.appendText(new Date() + ": Person"  + number + "'s host address is " + inetAddress2.getHostAddress() + "\n");
                        ta.appendText(new Date() + ": Start the chat " + "\n");
                    });

                    new Thread(new HandleChat(person1,person2)).start();

                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(100);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }).start();

3.新建Handle類處理接收發(fā)送兩個(gè)客戶端的消息

只實(shí)現(xiàn)了一人一句的效果，沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)一人連續(xù)發(fā)送消息對(duì)方也能正確接收。

    class HandleChat implements Runnable{
        Socket person1;
        Socket person2;

        public HandleChat(Socket person1,Socket person2){
            this.person1 = person1;
            this.person2 = person2;
        }
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                DataInputStream fromPerson1 = new DataInputStream(person1.getInputStream());
                DataOutputStream toPerson1 = new DataOutputStream(person1.getOutputStream());
                DataInputStream fromPerson2 = new DataInputStream(person2.getInputStream());
                DataOutputStream toPerson2 = new DataOutputStream(person2.getOutputStream());

                while (true){

                    String passage1 = fromPerson1.readUTF();
                    toPerson2.writeUTF(passage1);
                    String passage2 = fromPerson2.readUTF();
                    toPerson1.writeUTF(passage2);

                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

思考后將HandleChat類中對(duì)兩個(gè)客戶端的接收發(fā)送消息處理放在兩個(gè)線程中，就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)客戶端自由通信。

            new Thread(() -> {
                while (true) {
                    try {
                        String passage2 = fromPerson2.readUTF();
                        toPerson1.writeUTF(passage2);
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }


            }).start();


            new Thread(() -> {
                while (true) {
                    try {
                        String passage1 = fromPerson1.readUTF();
                        toPerson2.writeUTF(passage1);
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }).start();

二.Socket

1.同樣的編寫一個(gè)客戶端界面

客戶端界面

        BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();
        pane.setPadding(new Insets(5));
        pane.setStyle("-fx-border-color: green");
        pane.setLeft(new Label("Enter a radius: "));

        TextField tf = new TextField();
        tf.setAlignment(Pos.BASELINE_RIGHT);
        pane.setCenter(tf);

        BorderPane mainPane = new BorderPane();
        TextArea ta = new TextArea();
        mainPane.setCenter(new ScrollPane(ta));
        mainPane.setTop(pane);

        Scene scene = new Scene(mainPane,450,200);
        primaryStage.setTitle("Client");
        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        primaryStage.show();

2.創(chuàng)建Socket連接客戶端并獲取輸入輸出流

        try {
//            創(chuàng)建一個(gè)連接服務(wù)器端的Socket
            Socket socket = new Socket("localhost",8000);
//            獲得輸入輸出流
            toServer = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
            fromServer = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

3.添加編輯框監(jiān)聽處理消息發(fā)送

//        編輯框事件監(jiān)聽
        tf.setOnAction(e ->{
            String passage = tf.getText().trim();
            tf.clear();
            try {
                toServer.writeUTF(passage);
                toServer.flush();
                ta.appendText("Me "  + ": " + passage + "\n");
            } catch (IOException e1) {
                e1.printStackTrace();
            }
        });

4.創(chuàng)建新線程從服務(wù)器上接收消息

//        新線程從服務(wù)器讀取信息
        new Thread(() -> {
            while (true) {
                try {
                    String passage = fromServer.readUTF();
                    ta.appendText("He : " + passage + "\n");
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();