Python并發(fā)編程隊列與多線程最快發(fā)送http請求方式

更新時間：2021年09月14日 10:31:57 作者：somenzz

假如有一個文件，里面有10萬個url，需要對每個url發(fā)送http請求，并打印請求結(jié)果的狀態(tài)碼，如何編寫代碼盡可能快的完成這些任務呢

Python 并發(fā)編程有很多方法，多線程的標準庫 threading，concurrency，協(xié)程 asyncio，當然還有 grequests 這種異步庫，每一個都可以實現(xiàn)上述需求，下面一一用代碼實現(xiàn)一下，本文的代碼可以直接運行，給你以后的并發(fā)編程作為參考：

隊列+多線程

定義一個大小為 400 的隊列，然后開啟 200 個線程，每個線程都是不斷的從隊列中獲取 url 并訪問。

主線程讀取文件中的 url 放入隊列中，然后等待隊列中所有的元素都被接收和處理完畢。代碼如下：

from threading import Thread
import sys
from queue import Queue
import requests
concurrent = 200 
def doWork():
    while True:
        url = q.get()
        status, url = getStatus(url)
        doSomethingWithResult(status, url)
        q.task_done()
def getStatus(ourl):
    try:
        res = requests.get(ourl)
        return res.status_code, ourl
    except:
        return "error", ourl
def doSomethingWithResult(status, url):
    print(status, url) 
q = Queue(concurrent * 2)
for i in range(concurrent):
    t = Thread(target=doWork)
    t.daemon = True
    t.start() 
try:
    for url in open("urllist.txt"):
        q.put(url.strip())
    q.join()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    sys.exit(1)

運行結(jié)果如下：

有沒有 get 到新技能？

線程池

如果你使用線程池，推薦使用更高級的 concurrent.futures 庫：

import concurrent.futures
import requests
out = []
CONNECTIONS = 100
TIMEOUT = 5
urls = []
with open("urllist.txt") as reader:
    for url in reader:
        urls.append(url.strip())
def load_url(url, timeout):
    ans = requests.get(url, timeout=timeout)
    return ans.status_code
with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=CONNECTIONS) as executor:
    future_to_url = (executor.submit(load_url, url, TIMEOUT) for url in urls)
    for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(future_to_url):
        try:
            data = future.result()
        except Exception as exc:
            data = str(type(exc))
        finally:
            out.append(data)
            print(data)

協(xié)程 + aiohttp

協(xié)程也是并發(fā)非常常用的工具了：

import asyncio
from aiohttp import ClientSession, ClientConnectorError
 
async def fetch_html(url: str, session: ClientSession, **kwargs) -> tuple:
    try:
        resp = await session.request(method="GET", url=url, **kwargs)
    except ClientConnectorError:
        return (url, 404)
    return (url, resp.status)
 
async def make_requests(urls: set, **kwargs) -> None:
    async with ClientSession() as session:
        tasks = []
        for url in urls:
            tasks.append(
                fetch_html(url=url, session=session, **kwargs)
            )
        results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks) 
    for result in results:
        print(f'{result[1]} - {str(result[0])}')
if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    assert sys.version_info >= (3, 7), "Script requires Python 3.7+."
    with open("urllist.txt") as infile:
        urls = set(map(str.strip, infile))
    asyncio.run(make_requests(urls=urls))

grequests

這是個第三方庫，目前有 3.8K 個星，就是 Requests + Gevent，讓異步 http 請求變得更加簡單。Gevent 的本質(zhì)還是協(xié)程。

使用前：

pip install grequests

使用起來那是相當?shù)暮唵危?/p>

import grequests
urls = []
with open("urllist.txt") as reader:
    for url in reader:
        urls.append(url.strip())
rs = (grequests.get(u) for u in urls)
for result in grequests.map(rs):
    print(result.status_code, result.url)

注意 grequests.map(rs) 是并發(fā)執(zhí)行的。運行結(jié)果如下：

也可以加入異常處理：

>>> def exception_handler(request, exception):
...    print("Request failed")
>>> reqs = [
...    grequests.get('http://httpbin.org/delay/1', timeout=0.001),
...    grequests.get('http://fakedomain/'),
...    grequests.get('http://httpbin.org/status/500')]
>>> grequests.map(reqs, exception_handler=exception_handler)
Request failed
Request failed
[None, None, <Response [500]>]