1.new Object:在創(chuàng)建對(duì)象后動(dòng)態(tài)定義屬性、方法
var Car = new Object;
Car.color = "red";
Car.showColor = function(){
	console.log(this.color);
}
//想要繼承就要先構(gòu)造空對(duì)象然后用__proto__原型鏈來(lái)繼承
var Car1 = new Object; //或者 = {}
Car1.__proto__ =  Car;

1.工廠函數(shù)：在函數(shù)內(nèi)生成類,好處是不用再構(gòu)造空對(duì)象+繼承原型鏈，直接返回一個(gè)對(duì)象的復(fù)制，類似于構(gòu)造函數(shù)
function createCar(){ //也可以為此函數(shù)傳遞參數(shù)creatCar(color)
	let car = new Object;
	car.color = "red"; //傳遞參數(shù)：car.color = color
	car.showColor = function(){
		console.log(this.color);
	}
	return car;
}

var newCar = createCar(); //傳遞參數(shù)：createCar("red")
//但是使用工廠函數(shù)，每構(gòu)造一個(gè)函數(shù)就會(huì)構(gòu)建一次showColor方法，很不劃算
//所以可以在類的工廠函數(shù)之前為所有類統(tǒng)一確定一個(gè)用于繼承的方法
function showColor(){
	console.log(this.color);
}
function createCar(){
...
	car.showColor = showColor;
...
}

2.構(gòu)造函數(shù)方法:類似于工廠函數(shù)方法，使用構(gòu)造函數(shù)方法。不同的是構(gòu)造函數(shù)內(nèi)屬性只能為this.attr
function Car(color,num){
	this.color = color;
	this.num = num;
	this.showColor = function(){
		console.log(this.color);
	}
	this.drivers = new Array("mike");
}
var car1 = new Car("red",1); //注意，此時(shí)Car本身的屬性和方法不能被訪問(wèn)，只能實(shí)例化之						 后訪問(wèn)
					 //比如:console.log(new Car("red",1).color)
					 //這表示，構(gòu)造函數(shù)真的是類似類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)而非實(shí)例化對(duì)象，js也					  //有傳統(tǒng)意義的對(duì)象而不是只有函數(shù)對(duì)象
//和方式1一樣Car的類內(nèi)函數(shù)showColor將在每次構(gòu)造時(shí)被構(gòu)造出來(lái)，占據(jù)了沒(méi)必要的空間
var car2 = new Car("green",1);
car1.drivers.push("kiki");
console.log(car2.drivers); //不存在引用同一個(gè)數(shù)組的現(xiàn)象

3.原型方法:類似于Object派生，形成基于Object的原型鏈，再綁定方法和屬性
function Car(){};
Car.prototype.color = "red";
Car.prototype.showColor = function(){
		console.log(this.color);
}
//Car.prototyoe = { //把多個(gè)綁定的函數(shù)放進(jìn)一個(gè)匿名的類來(lái)寫(xiě)
//	mathod1:function(){...};
//	mathod2:function(){...};
//}
Car.prototype.drivers = new Array("mike","jhon");
var car1 = new Car(); //一定要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建實(shí)例才能調(diào)用方法訪問(wèn)屬性
var car2 = new Car();
car1.drivers.push("bill");
console.log(car1.color);
console.log(car2.drivers);
//這樣綁定arry的屬性全部都指向同一個(gè)數(shù)組對(duì)象，屬于引用。當(dāng)改變一個(gè)實(shí)例的color，所有的color都一起變了

1.構(gòu)造函數(shù)+原型：構(gòu)造函數(shù)內(nèi)只構(gòu)造屬性和類內(nèi)數(shù)組，而用原型的方式聲明類內(nèi)函數(shù)
function Car(color){
	this.color = color;
	this.drivers = new Array("mike");
}
Car.prototype.showColor = function(){
	console.log(this.color);
}
var car1 = new Car(); //一定要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建實(shí)例才能調(diào)用方法訪問(wèn)屬性
var car2 = new Car();
car1.drivers.push("bill");
console.log(car2.drivers); //避免了原型方法的缺點(diǎn)

2.使用class關(guān)鍵字定義類：不能在類外直接定義屬性，仍需要使用prototype方法在類外綁定函數(shù)對(duì)象。
class Car{
           constructor(color) {
                this.color = color;
           }
           drivers = new Array("mike","jhon");
           hello = function(){
           		return "Di Di"+ this.color; 
           }
           
        }

Car.prototype.hello = function (){ //類外綁定方法
            return "Di Di";
}

var car1 = new Car("red");
var car2 = new Car("green");
car1.drivers.push("kiki");
console.log(car1.color);
console.log(car2.hello());

1.偽裝繼承：把類作為新類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)來(lái)繼承，有點(diǎn)神奇，js里類可以當(dāng)成函數(shù)對(duì)象的奇特屬性
function Car1(color){
	this.color = color;
	this.showColor = function(){
		console.log("this car is "+this.color);
	}
	this.drivers = new Array("mike");
}

function Car2(){
	this.makeSound = function(){
		console.log("Di Di");
	}
}

function Car3(color){
	this.newConstruct = Car1; //作為構(gòu)造函數(shù)傳入
	this.newConstruct(color); //調(diào)用構(gòu)造函數(shù)
	delete this.newConstruct;
	this.newConstruct2 = Car2; //多重繼承，但是由于閉包機(jī)制，要用不同的構(gòu)造函數(shù)名
	this.newConstruct2(); 
	delete this.newConstruct2;
}//同樣，偽裝繼承也可以用.prototype來(lái)綁定構(gòu)造函數(shù)

var car1 = new Car3("red");
var car2 = new Car3("green");
car1.drivers.push("kiki");
console.log(car1.color);
car1.showColor();
car1.makeSound();
console.log(car2.drivers);

2.用父類的方法call和apply進(jìn)行繼承
function Car1(color){
	this.color = color;
	this.showColor = function(){
		console.log("this car is"+this.color);
	}
}
function Car2(num){
	this.num = num;
	this.makeSound = function(){
		console.log("Di Di");
	}
}

function Car3(color,num){
	Car1.call(this, color);
	Car2.apply(this, augments);//augments為一個(gè)數(shù)組，包含所需的參數(shù)
}

var car1 = new Car3("red",1);
var car2 = new Car3("green",2);
console.log(car1.color);
console.log(car2.num);
car1.showColor();
car1.makeSound();

//也可以把.apply和.call寫(xiě)在類外,但只能對(duì)實(shí)例進(jìn)行操作，不能用于構(gòu)成類

3.用原型鏈進(jìn)行繼承：使用__proto__和.prototype構(gòu)成原型鏈，缺點(diǎn)是不能實(shí)現(xiàn)多重繼承，只能通過(guò)綁定成構(gòu)造函數(shù)或者再創(chuàng)造幾個(gè)類用鏈?zhǔn)椒绞嚼^承來(lái)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)多重繼承
function Car1(color){
	this.color = color;
	this.showColor = function(){
		console.log("this car is"+this.color);
	}
}
function Car3(){};
Car3.prototype = new Car1();

4.用class...extends...，也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)繼承，但是不能實(shí)現(xiàn)多重繼承，也只能像原型鏈一樣用多個(gè)類作為節(jié)點(diǎn)的方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)多重繼承，屬于是ES6的特性了。ES6還引入了let、public、private、protected關(guān)鍵字但是不能實(shí)現(xiàn)多重繼承，也沒(méi)有什么包的概念也是挺奇葩的
class Car2 extends Car1{
           constructor(color) {
                super(); //類似java，super本身可以代表父類，此處是用了代表父類的
                		 //構(gòu)造函數(shù)
                this.color = color;
           }
           drivers = new Array("mike","jhon");
           hello = function(){
           		return "Di Di"+ this.color; 
           }  
        }