Java使用Unsafe類的示例詳解

更新時(shí)間：2021年09月25日 09:58:39 作者：Dongguo丶

java不能直接訪問(wèn)操作系統(tǒng)底層，而是通過(guò)本地方法來(lái)訪問(wèn)。Unsafe類提供了硬件級(jí)別的原子操作，這篇文章主要介紹了Java使用Unsafe類,需要的朋友可以參考下

Unsafe 對(duì)象提供了非常底層的，操作內(nèi)存、線程的方法，相當(dāng)于開(kāi)了后門(mén)。

在atomic類中CAS實(shí)現(xiàn)、LockSupport中park unpark的底層都調(diào)用了UnSafe中的方法。

UnSafe并不是說(shuō)線程不安全，而是說(shuō)操作內(nèi)存有可能會(huì)造成不安全問(wèn)題。

當(dāng)然對(duì)于開(kāi)發(fā)人員來(lái)說(shuō)

Unsafe 對(duì)象不能直接調(diào)用，只能通過(guò)反射獲得

通過(guò)反射獲得Unsafe對(duì)象

package com.dongguo.unsafe;

import sun.misc.Unsafe;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

/**
 * @author Dongguo
 * @date 2021/9/12 0012-21:32
 * @description:
 */
public class UnsafeAccessor {
    static Unsafe unsafe;
    static {
        try {
            Field theUnsafe = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
            theUnsafe.setAccessible(true);
            unsafe = (Unsafe) theUnsafe.get(null);
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new Error(e);
        }
    }
    static Unsafe getUnsafe() {
        return unsafe;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Unsafe unsafe = getUnsafe();
        System.out.println(unsafe);
    }
}

運(yùn)行結(jié)果

sun.misc.Unsafe@7ea987ac

使用Unsafe實(shí)現(xiàn) CAS 操作

package com.dongguo.unsafe;

import lombok.Data;
import sun.misc.Unsafe;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

/**
 * @author Dongguo
 * @date 2021/9/12 0012-21:32
 * @description:
 */
public class UnsafeAccessor {
    static Unsafe unsafe;
    static {
        try {
            Field theUnsafe = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
            theUnsafe.setAccessible(true);
            unsafe = (Unsafe) theUnsafe.get(null);
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new Error(e);
        }
    }
    static Unsafe getUnsafe() {
        return unsafe;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchFieldException {
        Unsafe unsafe = getUnsafe();
        System.out.println(unsafe);

        Field id = Student.class.getDeclaredField("id");
        Field name = Student.class.getDeclaredField("name");
        // 獲得成員變量的偏移量
        long idOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(id);
        long nameOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(name);
        Student student = new Student();
        // 使用 cas 方法替換成員變量的值
        unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(student, idOffset, 0, 20); // 返回 true   0為舊值 20為新值
        unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(student, nameOffset, null, "張三"); // 返回 true 舊值為null，新值為張三
        System.out.println(student);
    }
}
@Data
class Student {
    volatile int id;
    volatile String name;
}

運(yùn)行結(jié)果

sun.misc.Unsafe@7ea987ac
Student(id=20, name=張三)

直接使用Unsafe類實(shí)現(xiàn)之前AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater中線程安全的原子整數(shù) BankAccount

在atomic中使用AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater實(shí)現(xiàn)money線程安全的原子整數(shù)

package com.dongguo.unsafe;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater;

/**
 * @author Dongguo
 * @date 2021/9/7 0007-14:41
 * 以一種線程安全的方式操作非線程安全對(duì)象的某些字段。
 * 需求：
 * 1000個(gè)人同時(shí)向一個(gè)賬號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)賬一元錢(qián)，那么累計(jì)應(yīng)該增加1000元，
 * 除了synchronized和CAS,還可以使用AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。
 */
class BankAccount {
    private String bankName = "ACBC";
    public volatile int money = 0;
    AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater<BankAccount> fieldUpdater = AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.newUpdater(BankAccount.class, "money");

    public void transferMoney(BankAccount bankAccount) {
        fieldUpdater.incrementAndGet(bankAccount);
    }
}

public class AtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BankAccount bankAccount = new BankAccount();

        for (int i = 1; i <= 1000; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                bankAccount.transferMoney(bankAccount);
            }, String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
        //暫停毫秒
        try {
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(500);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(bankAccount.money);
    }

}

改為使用UnSafe實(shí)現(xiàn)money線程安全的原子整數(shù)

package com.dongguo.unsafe;

import sun.misc.Unsafe;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater;

/**
 * @author Dongguo
 * @date 2021/9/7 0007-14:41
 */
class BankAccount {
    private String bankName = "ACBC";
    public volatile int money;
    static final Unsafe unsafe;
    static final long DATA_OFFSET;

    static {
        unsafe = UnsafeAccessor.getUnsafe();
        try {
            // money 屬性在 BankAccount 對(duì)象中的偏移量，用于 Unsafe 直接訪問(wèn)該屬性
            DATA_OFFSET = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(BankAccount.class.getDeclaredField("money"));
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            throw new Error(e);
        }
    }

    public BankAccount(int money) {
        this.money = money;
    }

    public void transferMoney(int amount) {
        int oldValue;
        while (true) {
            // 獲取共享變量舊值，可以在這一行加入斷點(diǎn)，修改 data 調(diào)試來(lái)加深理解
            oldValue = money;
            // cas 嘗試修改 data 為 舊值 + amount，如果期間舊值被別的線程改了，返回 false
            if (unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, DATA_OFFSET, oldValue, oldValue + amount)) {
                return;
            }
        }
    }
}
public class AtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BankAccount bankAccount = new BankAccount(0);

        for (int i = 1; i <= 1000; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                bankAccount.transferMoney(1);
            }, String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
        //暫停毫秒
        try {
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(500);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(bankAccount.money);
    }
}
運(yùn)行結(jié)果
1000
/暫停毫秒
        try {
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(500);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(bankAccount.money);
    }
}

運(yùn)行結(jié)果