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Java MongoDB數(shù)據(jù)庫連接方法梳理

更新時(shí)間：2022年08月16日 10:38:26 作者：飄飄~

MongoDB作為一種介于關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫和非關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫之間的產(chǎn)品，它可以提供可擴(kuò)展的高性能的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)解決方案，近些年來受到了開發(fā)者的喜愛

前言

本節(jié)將介紹如何設(shè)置和使用MongoDB 驅(qū)動(dòng)程序，通過 java實(shí)現(xiàn)與MongoDB服務(wù)端的通信功能，用戶可以在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行各種Java程序的開發(fā)，例如最基本的增刪改查操作。

一、MongoDB簡介

通過啟動(dòng)mongo進(jìn)程如Shell環(huán)境訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫外，MongoDB還提供了其他基于編程語言的訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫方法。MongoDB官方提供了Java和Python語言的驅(qū)動(dòng)包，利用這些驅(qū)動(dòng)包可使用多種編程方法來連接并操作MongoDB數(shù)據(jù)庫。本篇文章重點(diǎn)講解java語言的連接方式。

特點(diǎn)

JSON結(jié)構(gòu)和對(duì)象模型接近，開發(fā)代碼量低
JSON的動(dòng)態(tài)模型意味著更容易響應(yīng)新的業(yè)務(wù)需求
復(fù)制集提供99.999%高可用
分片架構(gòu)支持海量數(shù)據(jù)和無縫擴(kuò)容

缺點(diǎn)

MongoDB 不支持事務(wù)
MongoDB 不能進(jìn)行多表聯(lián)查

MongoDB 應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景

1.社交場(chǎng)景，比如朋友圈，附近的人的地點(diǎn)的存儲(chǔ)

2.游戲場(chǎng)景，比如用戶當(dāng)前裝備，得分等

3.物流場(chǎng)景，比如快遞的位置，狀態(tài)，途徑

4.視頻場(chǎng)景，比如直播中的點(diǎn)贊數(shù)和互動(dòng)留言等

MongoDBAPI

二、連接MongoDB前的準(zhǔn)備工作

下載

MongoDB官網(wǎng)：MongoDB Community Download | MongoDB

Studio 3T官網(wǎng)：The Professional Client, IDE and GUI for MongoDB | Studio 3T

eclipse官網(wǎng)：Eclipse Downloads | The Eclipse Foundation

創(chuàng)建工程并且導(dǎo)入jar包

idea則在pom.xml中導(dǎo)入坐標(biāo)

<!-- mongodb鏈接驅(qū)動(dòng) -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
   <artifactId>mongodb-driver-sync</artifactId>
   <version>3.6.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Google Gson -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
   <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
   <version>2.8.2</version>
</dependency>

java連接MongoDB數(shù)據(jù)庫

public class Test01 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//查找
		//獲取對(duì)象
		MongoClient mc =new MongoClient("localhost",27017);
		//打印
		System.out.println(mc);
        //獲取庫對(duì)象
		MongoDatabase db = mc.getDatabase("myschoolxxx");
		//獲取庫中表的集合
		MongoIterable<String> iterable = db.listCollectionNames();
		MongoCursor<String> iterator = iterable.iterator();
		while (iterator.hasNext()) {
			System.out.println(iterator.next());
			System.out.println("wod");
		}
        mc.close();
	}
}

增加數(shù)據(jù)

package com.ape.conn;
import java.util.Date;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.ape.bean.Student;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
public class Insert {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//獲取對(duì)象
		MongoClient mc =new MongoClient("localhost",27017);
		//獲取庫對(duì)象
		MongoDatabase db = mc.getDatabase("myschoolxxx");
		//獲取表對(duì)象
		MongoCollection<Document> student = db.getCollection("student");
		//創(chuàng)建學(xué)生對(duì)象
		Student s = new Student();
		s.setSid(6);
		s.setSname("趙六");
		s.setBirthday(new Date());
		s.setSsex("女");
		s.setClassid(20);
		//創(chuàng)建愛你一個(gè)document獨(dú)享
		Document doc = new Document();
		//存入數(shù)據(jù)
		doc.put("sid", s.getSid());
		doc.put("sname", s.getSname());
		doc.put("birhday", s.getBirthday());
		doc.put("ssex", s.getSsex());
		doc.put("classid", s.getClassid());
		student.insertOne(doc);
		//釋放資源
		mc.close();
	}
}

Java連接MongoDB的常用方法詳解

修改數(shù)據(jù)

package com.ape.conn;
import org.bson.Document;
import org.bson.conversions.Bson;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.client.model.Filters;
import com.mongodb.client.result.UpdateResult;
public class Update {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//獲取對(duì)象
		MongoClient mc =new MongoClient("localhost",27017);
		//獲取庫對(duì)象
		MongoDatabase db = mc.getDatabase("myschoolxxx");
		//獲取表對(duì)象
		MongoCollection<Document> student = db.getCollection("student");
		//修改
		//條件對(duì)象
		Bson eq = Filters.eq("sname","趙六");		
		//document當(dāng)選
		Document doc = new Document();
		doc.put("$set", new Document("ssex","男"));
		UpdateResult updateOne = student.updateOne(eq, doc);
		System.out.println(updateOne);
		mc.close();
	}
}

可以看到剛開始有三個(gè)趙六，修改后只修改了第一個(gè)趙六的性別。

刪除一條數(shù)據(jù)

package com.ape.conn;
import org.bson.Document;
import org.bson.conversions.Bson;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.client.model.Filters;
import com.mongodb.client.result.DeleteResult;
public class Delete {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
        //獲取對(duì)象
  		MongoClient mc =new MongoClient("localhost",27017);
  		//獲取庫對(duì)象
  		MongoDatabase db = mc.getDatabase("myschoolxxx");
  		//獲取表對(duì)象
  		MongoCollection<Document> student = db.getCollection("student");
        //創(chuàng)建刪除對(duì)象
  		Bson eq = Filters.eq("sname", "趙六");
  		DeleteResult deleteOne = student.deleteOne(eq);
        //刪除一條
  		System.out.println(deleteOne.getDeletedCount());
		if(deleteOne.getDeletedCount() > 0) {
			System.out.println("刪除成功");
		}else {
			System.out.println("刪除失敗");
		}
		mc.close();
	}
}

查詢數(shù)據(jù)

package com.ape.conn;
import java.util.List;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCursor;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoIterable;
public class Test01 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//查找
		//獲取對(duì)象
		MongoClient mc =new MongoClient("localhost",27017);		
		//獲取庫對(duì)象
		MongoDatabase db = mc.getDatabase("myschoolxxx");
		//獲取表對(duì)象
		MongoCollection<Document> student = db.getCollection("student");
		//獲取表中數(shù)據(jù)
		FindIterable<Document> find = student.find();
		//獲取迭代器對(duì)象
		MongoCursor<Document> iterator2 = find.iterator();
		//輸出表中數(shù)據(jù)
		while (iterator2.hasNext()) {
			Document document = (Document) iterator2.next();
			System.out.println(document);
		}
		//關(guān)閉資源
		mc.close();
	}
}