private void initClassLoaders() {
        try {
            // 創(chuàng)建 commonLoader  catalinaLoader sharedLoader
            commonLoader = createClassLoader("common", null);
            if (commonLoader == null) {
                // no config file, default to this loader - we might be in a 'single' env.
                commonLoader = this.getClass().getClassLoader();
            }
            // 默認(rèn)情況下 server.loader 和 shared.loader 都為空則會(huì)返回 commonLoader 類(lèi)加載器
            catalinaLoader = createClassLoader("server", commonLoader);
            sharedLoader = createClassLoader("shared", commonLoader);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            handleThrowable(t);
            log.error("Class loader creation threw exception", t);
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

@Override
    public Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug("loadClass(" + name + ", " + resolve + ")");
            }
            Class<?> clazz = null;
            // Log access to stopped class loader
            checkStateForClassLoading(name);
            // (0) Check our previously loaded local class cache
            // 檢查WebappClassLoader中是否加載過(guò)此類(lèi)
            clazz = findLoadedClass0(name);
            if (clazz != null) {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug("  Returning class from cache");
                }
                if (resolve) {
                    resolveClass(clazz);
                }
                return clazz;
            }
            // (0.1) Check our previously loaded class cache
            // 如果第一步?jīng)]有找到，則繼續(xù)檢查JVM虛擬機(jī)中是否加載過(guò)該類(lèi)
            clazz = findLoadedClass(name);
            if (clazz != null) {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug("  Returning class from cache");
                }
                if (resolve) {
                    resolveClass(clazz);
                }
                return clazz;
            }
            // (0.2) Try loading the class with the bootstrap class loader, to prevent
            //       the webapp from overriding Java SE classes. This implements
            //       SRV.10.7.2
            // 如果前兩步都沒(méi)有找到，則使用系統(tǒng)類(lèi)加載該類(lèi)（也就是當(dāng)前JVM的ClassPath）。
            // 為了防止覆蓋基礎(chǔ)類(lèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)，這里會(huì)判斷class是不是JVMSE中的基礎(chǔ)類(lèi)庫(kù)中類(lèi)。
            String resourceName = binaryNameToPath(name, false);
            ClassLoader javaseLoader = getJavaseClassLoader();
            boolean tryLoadingFromJavaseLoader;
            try {
                // Use getResource as it won't trigger an expensive
                // ClassNotFoundException if the resource is not available from
                // the Java SE class loader. However (see
                // https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58125 for
                // details) when running under a security manager in rare cases
                // this call may trigger a ClassCircularityError.
                // See https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61424 for
                // details of how this may trigger a StackOverflowError
                // Given these reported errors, catch Throwable to ensure any
                // other edge cases are also caught
                URL url;
                if (securityManager != null) {
                    PrivilegedAction<URL> dp = new PrivilegedJavaseGetResource(resourceName);
                    url = AccessController.doPrivileged(dp);
                } else {
                    url = javaseLoader.getResource(resourceName);
                }
                tryLoadingFromJavaseLoader = (url != null);
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                // Swallow all exceptions apart from those that must be re-thrown
                ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
                // The getResource() trick won't work for this class. We have to
                // try loading it directly and accept that we might get a
                // ClassNotFoundException.
                tryLoadingFromJavaseLoader = true;
            }
            if (tryLoadingFromJavaseLoader) {
                try {
                    clazz = javaseLoader.loadClass(name);
                    if (clazz != null) {
                        if (resolve) {
                            resolveClass(clazz);
                        }
                        return clazz;
                    }
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
            // (0.5) Permission to access this class when using a SecurityManager
            if (securityManager != null) {
                int i = name.lastIndexOf('.');
                if (i >= 0) {
                    try {
                        securityManager.checkPackageAccess(name.substring(0,i));
                    } catch (SecurityException se) {
                        String error = sm.getString("webappClassLoader.restrictedPackage", name);
                        log.info(error, se);
                        throw new ClassNotFoundException(error, se);
                    }
                }
            }
            // 檢查是否 設(shè)置了delegate屬性，設(shè)置為true，那么就會(huì)完全按照J(rèn)VM的"雙親委托"機(jī)制流程加載類(lèi)。
            boolean delegateLoad = delegate || filter(name, true);
            // (1) Delegate to our parent if requested
            if (delegateLoad) {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug("  Delegating to parent classloader1 " + parent);
                }
                try {
                    clazz = Class.forName(name, false, parent);
                    if (clazz != null) {
                        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            log.debug("  Loading class from parent");
                        }
                        if (resolve) {
                            resolveClass(clazz);
                        }
                        return clazz;
                    }
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
            // (2) Search local repositories
            // 若是沒(méi)有委托，則默認(rèn)會(huì)首次使用WebappClassLoader來(lái)加載類(lèi)。通過(guò)自定義findClass定義處理類(lèi)加載規(guī)則。
            // findClass()會(huì)去Web-INF/classes 目錄下查找類(lèi)。
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug("  Searching local repositories");
            }
            try {
                clazz = findClass(name);
                if (clazz != null) {
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        log.debug("  Loading class from local repository");
                    }
                    if (resolve) {
                        resolveClass(clazz);
                    }
                    return clazz;
                }
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                // Ignore
            }
            // (3) Delegate to parent unconditionally
            // 若是WebappClassLoader在/WEB-INF/classes、/WEB-INF/lib下還是查找不到class，
            // 那么無(wú)條件強(qiáng)制委托給System、Common類(lèi)加載器去查找該類(lèi)。
            if (!delegateLoad) {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug("  Delegating to parent classloader at end: " + parent);
                }
                try {
                    clazz = Class.forName(name, false, parent);
                    if (clazz != null) {
                        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            log.debug("  Loading class from parent");
                        }
                        if (resolve) {
                            resolveClass(clazz);
                        }
                        return clazz;
                    }
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
        }
        throw new ClassNotFoundException(name);
    }