pub fn add(left: usize, right: usize) -> usize {
    left + right
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    #[test] // @1
    fn it_works() {
        let result = add(2, 2);
        assert_eq!(result, 4); // @2
    }
}

xxxxx@xxxxxx adder % cargo test
   Compiling adder v0.1.0 (/rust-example/adder)
    Finished test [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.05s
     Running unittests src/lib.rs (target/debug/deps/adder-96bda0c2404f749c)
running 1 test  // 正在執(zhí)行一個(gè)測(cè)試
test tests::it_works ... ok // 此時(shí)函數(shù)
test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s // 測(cè)試摘要，表示該集合中的所有測(cè)試均成功通過(guò)，1 passed; 0 failed則統(tǒng)計(jì)了通過(guò)和失敗的測(cè)試總數(shù)
   Doc-tests adder // 文件測(cè)試的結(jié)果
running 0 tests
test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s

extern crate core;
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    #[test]
    fn ok_test() {
        assert_eq!(2 + 2, 4);
    }
    #[test]
    fn fail_test() {
        panic!("Make this test fail");
    }
}

xxxxxx@xxxxxx adder % cargo test
   Compiling adder v0.1.0 (/rust-example/adder)
    Finished test [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.13s
     Running unittests src/lib.rs (target/debug/deps/adder-96bda0c2404f749c)
running 2 tests
test tests::ok_test ... ok
test tests::fail_test ... FAILED
failures:
---- tests::fail_test stdout ----
thread 'tests::fail_test' panicked at 'Make this test fail', src/lib.rs:11:9
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
failures:
    tests::fail_test
test result: FAILED. 1 passed; 1 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s
error: test failed, to rerun pass `--lib`

#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Rectangle {
    length: u32,
    width: u32,
}
impl Rectangle {
    pub fn can_hold(&self, other: &Rectangle) -> bool {
        self.length > other.length && self.width > other.width
    }
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    #[test]
    fn larger_can_hold_smaller() {
        let larger = Rectangle { length: 9, width: 7 };
        let smaller = Rectangle { length: 5, width: 1 };
        assert!(larger.can_hold(&smaller));
    }
    #[test]
    fn smaller_cannot_hold_larger() {
        let larger = Rectangle { length: 9, width: 7 };
        let smaller = Rectangle { length: 5, width: 1 };
        assert!(smaller.can_hold(&larger)); // fasle， 斷言失敗
    }
}

xxxxx@xxxxxxx adder % cargo test
   Compiling adder v0.1.0 (/rust-example/adder)
    Finished test [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.12s
     Running unittests src/lib.rs (target/debug/deps/adder-96bda0c2404f749c)
running 2 tests
test tests::larger_can_hold_smaller ... ok
test tests::smaller_cannot_hold_larger ... FAILED
failures:
---- tests::smaller_cannot_hold_larger stdout ----
thread 'tests::smaller_cannot_hold_larger' panicked at 'assertion failed: smaller.can_hold(&larger)', src/lib.rs:29:9
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
failures:
    tests::smaller_cannot_hold_larger
test result: FAILED. 1 passed; 1 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s
error: test failed, to rerun pass `--lib`

pub fn add_two(a: i32) -> i32 {
    a + 2
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    #[test]
    fn ok_adds_two_eq() {
        // 斷言結(jié)果相同測(cè)試通過(guò)
        assert_eq!(4, add_two(2));
    }
    #[test]
    fn fail_adds_two_eq() {
        // 斷言結(jié)果不相同觸發(fā)panic
        assert_eq!(5, add_two(2));
    }
    #[test]
    fn ok_adds_two_ne() {
        // 斷言結(jié)果不一致測(cè)試通過(guò)
        assert_ne!(5, add_two(2));
    }
    #[test]
    fn fail_adds_two_ne() {
        // 斷言結(jié)果相同觸發(fā)panic
        assert_ne!(4, add_two(2));
    }
}

yuelong@yuelongdeMBP adder % cargo test
   Compiling adder v0.1.0 (/Users/yuelong/CodeHome/TestProject/rust-example/adder)
    Finished test [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.12s
     Running unittests src/lib.rs (target/debug/deps/adder-96bda0c2404f749c)
running 4 tests
test tests::ok_adds_two_ne ... ok
test tests::ok_adds_two_eq ... ok
test tests::fail_adds_two_eq ... FAILED
test tests::fail_adds_two_ne ... FAILED
failures:
---- tests::fail_adds_two_eq stdout ----
thread 'tests::fail_adds_two_eq' panicked at 'assertion failed: `(left == right)`
  left: `5`,
 right: `4`', src/lib.rs:16:9
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
---- tests::fail_adds_two_ne stdout ----
thread 'tests::fail_adds_two_ne' panicked at 'assertion failed: `(left != right)`
  left: `4`,
 right: `4`', src/lib.rs:26:9
failures:
    tests::fail_adds_two_eq
    tests::fail_adds_two_ne
test result: FAILED. 2 passed; 2 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s
error: test failed, to rerun pass `--lib`

pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {
    String::from("Hello!")
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    #[test]
    fn greeting_test() {
        let result = greeting("Carol");
        assert!(
            result.contains("Carol"),
            "Greeting did not contain name, value was `{}`", result
        )
    }
}

running 1 test
test tests::greeting_test ... FAILED
failures:
---- tests::greeting_test stdout ----
thread 'tests::greeting_test' panicked at 'Greeting did not contain name, value was `Hello!`', src/lib.rs:16:9
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
failures:
    tests::greeting_test
test result: FAILED. 0 passed; 1 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s

pub struct Guess {
    value: u32,
}
impl Guess {
    pub fn new(value: u32) -> Guess {
        if value < 1 || value > 100 {
            panic!("Guess value must be between 1 and 100, got {}.", value);
        }
        Guess { value }
    }
    pub fn new_plus(value: u32) -> Guess {
        if value < 1 {
            panic!("Guess value must be between 1 and 100, got {}.", value);
        }
        Guess { value }
    }
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    fn new_test() {
        // 此時(shí)肯定會(huì)發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤, 但是因?yàn)榧恿藄hould_panic宏，所有測(cè)試通過(guò)
        Guess::new(200);
    }
    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    fn new_plus_test() {
        // 此時(shí)不會(huì)發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤, 但是因?yàn)榧恿藄hould_panic宏，所有測(cè)試無(wú)法通過(guò)
        Guess::new(200);
    }
}

running 2 tests
test tests::new_plus_test - should panic ... FAILED
test tests::new_test - should panic ... ok
failures:
---- tests::new_plus_test stdout ----
note: test did not panic as expected
failures:
    tests::new_plus_test
test result: FAILED. 1 passed; 1 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s

pub struct Guess {
    value: u32,
}
impl Guess {
    pub fn new(value: u32) -> Guess {
        if value < 1 {
            panic!("Guess value must be greater than or equal to 1, got {}.", value);
        } else if value > 100 {
            panic!("Guess value must be less than or equal to 100, got {}.", value);
        } else {
            Guess { value }
        }
    }
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    #[test]
    #[should_panic(expected = "Guess value must be less than or equal to 100")]
    fn new_test() {
        // 此時(shí)肯定會(huì)發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤
        Guess::new(0);
    }
}

running 1 test
test tests::new_test - should panic ... FAILED
failures:
---- tests::new_test stdout ----
thread 'tests::new_test' panicked at 'Guess value must be greater than or equal to 1, got 0.', src/lib.rs:8:13
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
note: panic did not contain expected string
      panic message: `"Guess value must be greater than or equal to 1, got 0."`,
 expected substring: `"Guess value must be less than or equal to 100"`
failures:
    tests::new_test
test result: FAILED. 0 passed; 1 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    #[test]
    fn new_test() -> Result<(), String> {
        if 2 + 2 == 4 {
            Ok(())
        } else {
            Err(String::from("two plus two does not equal four"))
        }
    }
}

cargo test --help // 查看cargo test的可用參數(shù)
cargo test -- --help // 顯示出所有可用在 -- 之后的參數(shù)

cargo test -- --test-threads=1 // 將線程數(shù)量控制為1，這也意味著程序不會(huì)使用任何并行操作，使用單線程執(zhí)行測(cè)試會(huì)比并行話費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間，但是順序執(zhí)行不會(huì)再因?yàn)楣蚕頎顟B(tài)而出現(xiàn)可能的干擾情形了

pub fn add(x: i32, y: i32) -> i32 {
    println!("x => {}, y => {}", x, y); // @1
    x + y
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    #[test]
    fn new_test() {
        assert_eq!(4, add(2, 2))
    }
}

cargo test -- --nocapture  // 會(huì)將@1也輸出顯示
cargo test                 // 沒(méi)有輸出@1

pub fn add(x: i32, y: i32) -> i32 {
    println!("x => {}, y => {}", x, y);
    x + y
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    #[test]
    fn new_test() {
        assert_eq!(4, add(2, 2))
    }
    #[test]
    fn new_test_1() {
        assert_eq!(5, add(2, 2))
    }
    #[test]
    fn test_1() {
        assert_eq!(6, add(2, 2))
    }
}

cargo test new_test_1

cargo test new // 此時(shí)就會(huì)匹配到 new_test 和 new_test_1這兩個(gè)測(cè)試

pub fn add(x: i32, y: i32) -> i32 {
    println!("x => {}, y => {}", x, y);
    x + y
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    #[test]
    fn new_test_1() {
        assert_eq!(5, add(2, 2))
    }
    #[test]
    #[ignore]
    fn test_1() {
        assert_eq!(6, add(2, 2))
    }
}

xxxxxx@xxxxxxx adder % cargo test 
    Finished test [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.00s
     Running unittests src/lib.rs (target/debug/deps/adder-96bda0c2404f749c)
running 3 tests
test tests::test_1 ... ignored
test tests::new_test ... ok
test tests::new_test_1 ... FAILED

xxxxx@xxxxxx adder % cargo test -- --ignored
    Finished test [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.00s
     Running unittests src/lib.rs (target/debug/deps/adder-96bda0c2404f749c)
running 1 test
test tests::test_1 ... FAILED
failures:
---- tests::test_1 stdout ----

// 共有函數(shù)
pub fn add(x: i32, y: i32) -> i32 { x + y }
// 私有函數(shù)
fn sub(x: i32, y: i32) -> i32 { x - y }
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    #[test]
    fn add_test() {
        assert_eq!(4, add(2, 2))
    }
    #[test]
    fn sub_test() {
        assert_eq!(0, sub(2, 2))
    }
}

xxxxxx@xxxxxxx adder % cargo test
   Compiling adder v0.1.0 (/rust-example/adder)
    Finished test [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.15s
     Running unittests src/lib.rs (target/debug/deps/adder-96bda0c2404f749c)
running 1 test
test tests::add_test ... ok
test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s
     Running tests/adder_test.rs (target/debug/deps/adder_test-4bc3058753e422c8). // 執(zhí)行集成測(cè)試
running 1 test
test it_adds_two ... ok
test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s
   Doc-tests adder
running 0 tests
test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s

cargo test --test add_test

mod common; // 引入模塊
use adder;
#[test]
fn it_adds_two() {
    common::setup(); // 調(diào)用
    assert_eq!(4, adder::add(2, 2))
}