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基于Avalonia實現(xiàn)自定義彈窗的示例詳解

更新時間：2023年02月07日 12:00:54 作者：tokengo

對于使用avalonia的時候某些功能需要到一些提示，比如異常或者成功都需要對用戶進行提示，所以需要單獨實現(xiàn)彈窗功能，并且可以自定義內(nèi)部組件，這一期將手動實現(xiàn)一個簡單的小彈窗，并且很容易自定義，希望大家喜歡

創(chuàng)建項目

實現(xiàn)我們需要創(chuàng)建一個avaloniaMVVM的項目模板

并且取名PopoverExample

然后一直默認創(chuàng)建。

創(chuàng)建彈窗組件

在Views文件夾中創(chuàng)建一個組件，選擇Window模板，創(chuàng)建名稱Dialog

然后打開Dialog.axaml文件，修改相關(guān)代碼,

<Window xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignWidth="800" d:DesignHeight="450"
        x:Class="Dialog.Views.DialogBase"
        ExtendClientAreaToDecorationsHint="True"
        ExtendClientAreaChromeHints="NoChrome"
        ExtendClientAreaTitleBarHeightHint="-1"
        Title="DialogBase">
    <StackPanel>
        <Grid>
            <Grid HorizontalAlignment="Left">
                <TextBlock>標題</TextBlock>
            </Grid>
            <Grid HorizontalAlignment="Right">
                <Button Click="Close_OnClick" Name="Close">關(guān)閉</Button>
            </Grid>
        </Grid>
        <Grid>
            <TextBlock Name="Content"></TextBlock>
        </Grid>
    </StackPanel>
</Window>

以下代碼是用于隱藏默認的標題欄的

ExtendClientAreaToDecorationsHint="True" 
ExtendClientAreaChromeHints="NoChrome"
ExtendClientAreaTitleBarHeightHint="-1"

打開DialogBase.axaml.cs ，修改修改代碼

using Avalonia;
using Avalonia.Controls;
using Avalonia.Interactivity;
using Avalonia.Markup.Xaml;

namespace Dialog.Views;

public partial class DialogBase : Window
{
    public DialogBase()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
#if DEBUG
        this.AttachDevTools();
#endif
    }

    private void InitializeComponent()
    {
        AvaloniaXamlLoader.Load(this);
    }

    private void Close_OnClick(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        Close();
    }
}

創(chuàng)建DialogManage類

創(chuàng)建DialogManage類，用于管理Dialog 創(chuàng)建DialogManage.cs，添加以下代碼

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Avalonia;
using Avalonia.Controls;
using Avalonia.Threading;

namespace Dialog.Views;

public static class DialogManage
{
    private static readonly Dictionary<DialogType, DialogBase> _dialogBases = new();

    public static void Show(DialogType type, string content, int height = 100, int width = 200, int timing = 3000)
    {
        DialogBase dialog;
        // 防止并發(fā)可自行修改
        lock (_dialogBases)
        {
            if (_dialogBases.Remove(type, out var dialogBase))
            {
                try
                {
                    dialogBase.Close();
                }
                catch
                {
                }
            }

            dialog = new DialogBase
            {
                Height = height,
                Width = width,
                WindowStartupLocation = WindowStartupLocation.Manual // 不設(shè)置的話無法修改窗口位置
            };

            if (timing > 0)
            {
                // 彈窗定時關(guān)閉
                _ = Task.Run(async () =>
                {
                    await Task.Delay(timing);
                    // 先刪除并且拿到刪除的value
                    if (_dialogBases.Remove(type, out var dialogBase))
                    {
                        // 操作組件需要使用ui線程
                        _ = Dispatcher.UIThread.InvokeAsync(() =>
                        {
                            try
                            {
                                // 關(guān)閉彈窗組件
                                dialogBase.Close();
                            }
                            // 可能已經(jīng)被關(guān)閉所以可能會出現(xiàn)異常
                            catch
                            {
                            }
                        });
                    }
                });
            }

            // 添加到字典中
            _dialogBases.TryAdd(type, dialog);
        }

        // 獲取當前屏幕
        var bounds = dialog.Screens.ScreenFromVisual(dialog).Bounds;

        // 偏移
        int skewing = 20;
        // window的任務(wù)欄高度
        int taskbar = 50;
        int x, y;
        switch (type)
        {
            case DialogType.topLeft:
                x = skewing;
                y = skewing;
                break;
            case DialogType.topCenter:
                x = (int)((bounds.Width - dialog.Width) / 2);
                y = skewing;
                break;
            case DialogType.topRight:
                x = (int)((bounds.Width - dialog.Width) - skewing);
                y = skewing;
                break;
            case DialogType.leftLower:
                x = 20;
                y = (int)(bounds.Height - dialog.Height) - taskbar - skewing;
                break;
            case DialogType.centerLower:
                x = (int)((bounds.Width - dialog.Width) / 2);
                y = (int)(bounds.Height - dialog.Height) - taskbar - skewing;
                break;
            case DialogType.rightLower:
                x = (int)(bounds.Width - dialog.Width - skewing);
                y = (int)(bounds.Height - dialog.Height) - taskbar - skewing;
                break;
            default:
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(type), type, null);
        }

        // 設(shè)置彈窗的位置
        dialog.Position = new PixelPoint(x, y);
        
        // 獲取內(nèi)容顯示的組件并且將內(nèi)容顯示上去
        var contentBox = dialog.Find<TextBlock>("Content");
        contentBox.Text = content;
        dialog.Show();
    }
}

public enum DialogType
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 左上
    /// </summary>
    topLeft,

    /// <summary>
    /// 居中靠上
    /// </summary>
    topCenter,

    /// <summary>
    /// 右上
    /// </summary>
    topRight,

    /// <summary>
    /// 左下
    /// </summary>
    leftLower,

    /// <summary>
    /// 居中靠下
    /// </summary>
    centerLower,

    /// <summary>
    /// 右下
    /// </summary>
    rightLower
}

對于彈窗組件已經(jīng)完成，

基本使用彈窗

打開MainWindow.axaml文件修改代碼

<Window xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:vm="using:Dialog.ViewModels"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignWidth="800" d:DesignHeight="450"
        x:Class="Dialog.Views.MainWindow"
        
        Height="400"
        Width="400"
        Icon="/Assets/avalonia-logo.ico"
        Title="Dialog">

    <Design.DataContext>
        <!-- This only sets the DataContext for the previewer in an IDE,
             to set the actual DataContext for runtime, set the DataContext property in code (look at App.axaml.cs) -->
        <vm:MainWindowViewModel/>
    </Design.DataContext>
    
    <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Center">
        <Button Height="40" Name="OpenDialog" Click="OpenDialog_OnClick">打開新彈窗</Button>
    </StackPanel>
</Window>

打開 MainWindow.axaml.cs修改相關(guān)代碼

using Avalonia.Controls;
using Avalonia.Interactivity;

namespace Dialog.Views;

public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
    public MainWindow()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    // 定義枚舉開始的值
    private int i = 0;

    private void OpenDialog_OnClick(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        // 彈窗新窗口
        DialogManage.Show((DialogType)i++, "彈窗內(nèi)容：" + i);
        // 超過枚舉值重新賦值
        if (i == 6)
        {
            i = 0;
        }
    }
}