關(guān)于 Spring AOP和Aspectj的關(guān)系，兩個(gè)都實(shí)現(xiàn)了切面編程，Spring AOP更多地是為了Spring框架本身服務(wù)的，而Aspectj具有更強(qiáng)大、更完善的切面功能，我們?cè)趯憳I(yè)務(wù)時(shí)一般使用AspectJ。不過(guò)他們的概念、原理都差不多。

Spring AOP說(shuō)：

the Spring Framework’s AOP functionality is normally used in conjunction with the Spring IoC container. Aspects are configured using normal bean definition syntax (although this allows powerful “autoproxying” capabilities): this is a crucial difference from other AOP implementations. There are some things you cannot do easily or efficiently with Spring AOP, such as advise very fine-grained objects (such as domain objects typically): AspectJ is the best choice in such cases. However, our experience is that Spring AOP provides an excellent solution to most problems in enterprise Java applications that are amenable to AOP

Spring AOP currently supports only method execution join points (advising the execution of methods on Spring beans). Field interception is not implemented, although support for field interception could be added without breaking the core Spring AOP APIs. If you need to advise field access and update join points, consider a language such as AspectJ.

Spring AOP will never strive to compete with AspectJ to provide a comprehensive AOP solution

可參考 Spring AOP vs AspectJ

AspectJ項(xiàng)目中提供了@AspecJ注解，Spring interprets the same annotations @Aspect as AspectJ 5

Spring AOP提供了定義切面的兩種方式

• schema-based approach ： XML-based format 通常不用了
• @AspectJ annotation style：注解形式，起這個(gè)名字是因?yàn)榻梃b了AspectJ項(xiàng)目，其實(shí)用的Spring AOP的注解是@Aspect沒(méi)有J

注解案例：

@Aspect
@Component 
public class NotVeryUsefulAspect {
	@Pointcut("execution(* transfer(..))")// the pointcut expression
	private void anyOldTransfer() {}// the pointcut signature
	@Before("execution(* com.xyz.myapp.dao.*.*(..))")
    public void doAccessCheck() {
        // ...
    }
 	@AfterReturning(
        pointcut="com.xyz.myapp.SystemArchitecture.dataAccessOperation()",
        returning="retVal")
    public void doAccessCheck(Object retVal) {
        // ...
    }
	@AfterThrowing(
        pointcut="com.xyz.myapp.SystemArchitecture.dataAccessOperation()",
        throwing="ex")
    public void doRecoveryActions(DataAccessException ex) {
        // ...
    }
	@After("com.xyz.myapp.SystemArchitecture.dataAccessOperation()")
    public void doReleaseLock() {
        // ...
    }
	@Around("com.xyz.myapp.SystemArchitecture.businessService()")
    public Object doBasicProfiling(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
        // start stopwatch
        Object retVal = pjp.proceed();
        // stop stopwatch
        return retVal;
    }
}

AOP概念

• Aspect：cut cross multiple classes. Spring AOP通過(guò) schema-based approach 或 @AspectJ annotation style 兩種方式定義切面。
• Join Point：程序執(zhí)行點(diǎn)，通常代表一個(gè)方法的執(zhí)行。
• Advice：Aspect中針對(duì)不同Join Point執(zhí)行的操作，包括 around before after 三種advice。很多AOP框架將advice建模成interceptor，在Join Point外層維護(hù)一個(gè) chain of interceptors。
• Pointcut：匹配 Join Points的規(guī)則，如@PointCut("pointcut expression")，滿足point expression的將進(jìn)行切面。
• Target object：被切面的對(duì)象。
• AOP proxy：代理，Spring Framework通常使用JDK 動(dòng)態(tài)代理或CGLIB動(dòng)態(tài)代理。
• Weaving：linking aspects with other application types or objects to create an advised object. 發(fā)生在編譯、加載或運(yùn)行時(shí)。

Type of advice

• before : @Before
• after returning : @AfterReturning
• after throwing : @AfterThrowing
• after (finally) : @After
• around : @Around

代理順序

當(dāng)一個(gè)target object有多個(gè)Spring AOP代理時(shí)，代理類執(zhí)行的順序有時(shí)很重要，比如分布式鎖代理和事務(wù)代理的順序，分布式鎖必須包裹住事務(wù)。

先下結(jié)論：

Spring通過(guò)接口或注解來(lái)判斷代理的順序，順序級(jí)別越低，代理越靠?jī)?nèi)層。順序級(jí)別獲取步驟如下：

• 是否實(shí)現(xiàn)org.springframework.core.Ordered接口
• 是否注解了org.springframework.core.annotation.Order注解
• 是否注解了javax.annotation.Priority注解
• 如果都沒(méi)有，默認(rèn)最低優(yōu)先級(jí)LOWEST_PRECEDENCE = Integer.MAX_VALUE，如@Transanctional注解就是最低級(jí)別

優(yōu)先級(jí)定義范圍在Integer.MIN_VALUE到 Integer.MAX_VALUE（參見(jiàn)Orderd接口）。越小，優(yōu)先級(jí)越高，越在外層先執(zhí)行。

注解方式生成代理類是通過(guò)BeanPostProcessor實(shí)現(xiàn)的，由AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator完成，該類實(shí)現(xiàn)了BeanPostProcessor。

注意到該類有一個(gè)Comparator類字段。最終優(yōu)先級(jí)由AnnotationAwareOrderComparator來(lái)判斷：

public class AnnotationAwareOrderComparator extends OrderComparator {
	/**
	 * Shared default instance of {@code AnnotationAwareOrderComparator}.
	 */
	public static final AnnotationAwareOrderComparator INSTANCE = new AnnotationAwareOrderComparator();
		@Override
	@Nullable
	protected Integer findOrder(Object obj) {
		// 父類，判斷是否實(shí)現(xiàn)了Orderd接口
		// (obj instanceof Ordered ? ((Ordered) obj).getOrder() : null)
		Integer order = super.findOrder(obj);
		if (order != null) {
			return order;
		}
		// 沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)則繼續(xù)搜尋@Order和@Priority注解
		// 如果返回null，表示找不到，會(huì)返回父類執(zhí)行g(shù)etOrder方法返回Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE
		return findOrderFromAnnotation(obj);
	}
	@Nullable
	private Integer findOrderFromAnnotation(Object obj) {
		...
		// 找@Order和@Priority注解
		Integer order = OrderUtils.getOrderFromAnnotations(element, annotations);
		// 如果該類沒(méi)有注解，遞歸找被代理類
		if (order == null && obj instanceof DecoratingProxy) {
			return findOrderFromAnnotation(((DecoratingProxy) obj).getDecoratedClass());
		}
		// 被代理類有則返回優(yōu)先級(jí)，沒(méi)有則返回null
		return order;
	}
}

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