他支持的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)非常松散，是類似json的bjson格式，因此可以存儲(chǔ)比較復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)類型。Mongo最大的特點(diǎn)是他支持的查詢語言非常強(qiáng)大，其語法有點(diǎn)類似于面向?qū)ο蟮牟樵冋Z言，幾乎可以實(shí)現(xiàn)類似關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫單表查詢的絕大部分功能，而且還支持對數(shù)據(jù)建立索引。
它的特點(diǎn)是高性能、易部署、易使用，存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)非常方便。

1. MongoDB的獲取和安裝

（1）獲取地址 http://www.mongodb.org/downloads 根據(jù)自己需要選擇相應(yīng)的版本，linux下可以使用wget 命令。
（2）解壓 mongodb-win32-i386-1.8.1
（3）創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)存放文件夾，mongodb默認(rèn)的數(shù)據(jù)目錄 /data/db
C:/> mkdir /data
C:/> mkdir /data/db
（4）運(yùn)行 MongoDB
mongod.exe - 數(shù)據(jù)庫的服務(wù)器端，相當(dāng)于mysql的 mysqld命令，啟動(dòng)服務(wù)器端
mongo.exe - 數(shù)據(jù)庫的客戶端,相當(dāng)于mysql的mysql命令，打開管理控制臺(tái)

啟動(dòng)服務(wù)
mongod.exe --dbpath F:/DataBase/MongoDB/db/
--dbpath 數(shù)據(jù)文件存放路徑
--port 數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)端口
C:/> cd /my_mongo_dir/bin
C:/my_mongo_dir/bin > mongod //啟動(dòng)mongod 服務(wù)器，默認(rèn)的數(shù)據(jù)庫路徑 /data/db，端口27071
啟動(dòng)客戶端
mongo.exe cclove
cclove 所連接的數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱
C:/> cd /my_mongo_dir/bin
C:/my_mongo_dir/bin> mongo

2. 熟悉MongoDB的數(shù)據(jù)操作語句，類sql

數(shù)據(jù)庫操作語法
mongo --path
db.AddUser(username,password) 添加用戶
db.auth(usrename,password) 設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)庫連接驗(yàn)證
db.cloneDataBase(fromhost) 從目標(biāo)服務(wù)器克隆一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫
db.commandHelp(name) returns the help for the command
db.copyDatabase(fromdb,todb,fromhost) 復(fù)制數(shù)據(jù)庫fromdb---源數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱，todb---目標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱，fromhost---源數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器地址
db.createCollection(name,{size:3333,capped:333,max:88888}) 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)集，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表
db.currentOp() 取消當(dāng)前庫的當(dāng)前操作
db.dropDataBase() 刪除當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫
db.eval(func,args) run code server-side
db.getCollection(cname) 取得一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)集合，同用法：db['cname'] or db.cname
db.getCollenctionNames() 取得所有數(shù)據(jù)集合的名稱列表
db.getLastError() 返回最后一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的提示消息
db.getLastErrorObj() 返回最后一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的對象
db.getMongo() 取得當(dāng)前服務(wù)器的連接對象get the server connection object
db.getMondo().setSlaveOk() allow this connection to read from then nonmaster membr of a replica pair
db.getName() 返回當(dāng)操作數(shù)據(jù)庫的名稱
db.getPrevError() 返回上一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤對象
db.getProfilingLevel() ?什么等級
db.getReplicationInfo() ?什么信息
db.getSisterDB(name) get the db at the same server as this onew
db.killOp() 停止（殺死）在當(dāng)前庫的當(dāng)前操作
db.printCollectionStats() 返回當(dāng)前庫的數(shù)據(jù)集狀態(tài)
db.printReplicationInfo()
db.printSlaveReplicationInfo()
db.printShardingStatus() 返回當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫是否為共享數(shù)據(jù)庫
db.removeUser(username) 刪除用戶
db.repairDatabase() 修復(fù)當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫
db.resetError()
db.runCommand(cmdObj) run a database command. if cmdObj is a string, turns it into {cmdObj:1}
db.setProfilingLevel(level) 0=off,1=slow,2=all
db.shutdownServer() 關(guān)閉當(dāng)前服務(wù)程序
db.version() 返回當(dāng)前程序的版本信息

數(shù)據(jù)集(表)操作語法
db.linlin.find({id:10}) 返回linlin數(shù)據(jù)集ID=10的數(shù)據(jù)集
db.linlin.find({id:10}).count() 返回linlin數(shù)據(jù)集ID=10的數(shù)據(jù)總數(shù)
db.linlin.find({id:10}).limit(2) 返回linlin數(shù)據(jù)集ID=10的數(shù)據(jù)集從第二條開始的數(shù)據(jù)集
db.linlin.find({id:10}).skip(8) 返回linlin數(shù)據(jù)集ID=10的數(shù)據(jù)集從0到第八條的數(shù)據(jù)集
db.linlin.find({id:10}).limit(2).skip(8) 返回linlin數(shù)據(jù)集ID=1=的數(shù)據(jù)集從第二條到第八條的數(shù)據(jù)
db.linlin.find({id:10}).sort() 返回linlin數(shù)據(jù)集ID=10的排序數(shù)據(jù)集
db.linlin.findOne([query]) 返回符合條件的一條數(shù)據(jù)
db.linlin.getDB() 返回此數(shù)據(jù)集所屬的數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱
db.linlin.getIndexes() 返回些數(shù)據(jù)集的索引信息
db.linlin.group({key:...,initial:...,reduce:...[,cond:...]})
db.linlin.mapReduce(mayFunction,reduceFunction,<optional params>)
db.linlin.remove(query) 在數(shù)據(jù)集中刪除一條數(shù)據(jù)
db.linlin.renameCollection(newName) 重命名些數(shù)據(jù)集名稱
db.linlin.save(obj) 往數(shù)據(jù)集中插入一條數(shù)據(jù)
db.linlin.stats() 返回此數(shù)據(jù)集的狀態(tài)
db.linlin.storageSize() 返回此數(shù)據(jù)集的存儲(chǔ)大小
db.linlin.totalIndexSize() 返回此數(shù)據(jù)集的索引文件大小
db.linlin.totalSize() 返回些數(shù)據(jù)集的總大小
db.linlin.update(query,object[,upsert_bool]) 在此數(shù)據(jù)集中更新一條數(shù)據(jù)
db.linlin.validate() 驗(yàn)證此數(shù)據(jù)集
db.linlin.getShardVersion() 返回?cái)?shù)據(jù)集共享版本號

db.linlin.find({'name':'foobar'}) select * from linlin where name='foobar'
db.linlin.find() select * from linlin
db.linlin.find({'ID':10}).count() select count(*) from linlin where ID=10
db.linlin.find().skip(10).limit(20) 從查詢結(jié)果的第十條開始讀20條數(shù)據(jù) select * from linlin limit 10,20 ----------mysql
db.linlin.find({'ID':{$in:[25,35,45]}}) select * from linlin where ID in (25,35,45)
db.linlin.find().sort({'ID':-1}) select * from linlin order by ID desc
db.linlin.distinct('name',{'ID':{$lt:20}}) select distinct(name) from linlin where ID<20

db.linlin.group({key:{'name':true},cond:{'name':'foo'},reduce:function(obj,prev){prev.msum+=obj.marks;},initial:{msum:0}})
select name,sum(marks) from linlin group by name
db.linlin.find('this.ID<20',{name:1}) select name from linlin where ID<20

db.linlin.insert({'name':'foobar','age':25}) insert into linlin ('name','age') values('foobar',25)
db.linlin.insert({'name':'foobar','age':25,'email':'cclove2@163.com'})

db.linlin.remove({}) delete * from linlin
db.linlin.remove({'age':20}) delete linlin where age=20
db.linlin.remove({'age':{$lt:20}}) delete linlin where age<20
db.linlin.remove({'age':{$lte:20}}) delete linlin where age<=20
db.linlin.remove({'age':{$gt:20}}) delete linlin where age>20
db.linlin.remove({'age':{$gte:20}}) delete linlin where age>=20
db.linlin.remove({'age':{$ne:20}}) delete linlin where age!=20

db.linlin.update({'name':'foobar'},{$set:{'age':36}}) update linlin set age=36 where name='foobar'
db.linlin.update({'name':'foobar'},{$inc:{'age':3}}) update linlin set age=age+3 where name='foobar'

官方提供的操作語句對照表：

上行：SQL 操作語句
下行：Mongo 操作語句
CREATE TABLE USERS (a Number, b Number)
db.createCollection("mycoll")

INSERT INTO USERS VALUES(1,1)
db.users.insert({a:1,b:1})

SELECT a,b FROM users
db.users.find({}, {a:1,b:1})

SELECT * FROM users
db.users.find()

SELECT * FROM users WHERE age=33
db.users.find({age:33})

SELECT a,b FROM users WHERE age=33
db.users.find({age:33}, {a:1,b:1})

SELECT * FROM users WHERE age=33 ORDER BY name
db.users.find({age:33}).sort({name:1})

SELECT * FROM users WHERE age>33
db.users.find({'age':{$gt:33}})})

SELECT * FROM users WHERE age<33
db.users.find({'age':{$lt:33}})})

SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE "%Joe%"
db.users.find({name:/Joe/})

SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE "Joe%"
db.users.find({name:/^Joe/})

SELECT * FROM users WHERE age>33 AND age<=40
db.users.find({'age':{$gt:33,$lte:40}})})

SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY name DESC
db.users.find().sort({name:-1})

SELECT * FROM users WHERE a=1 and b='q'
db.users.find({a:1,b:'q'})

SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 10 SKIP 20
db.users.find().limit(10).skip(20)

SELECT * FROM users WHERE a=1 or b=2
db.users.find( { $or : [ { a : 1 } , { b : 2 } ] } )

SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 1
db.users.findOne()

SELECT DISTINCT last_name FROM users
db.users.distinct('last_name')

SELECT COUNT(*y) FROM users
db.users.count()

SELECT COUNT(*y) FROM users where AGE > 30
db.users.find({age: {'$gt': 30}}).count()

SELECT COUNT(AGE) from users
db.users.find({age: {'$exists': true}}).count()

CREATE INDEX myindexname ON users(name)
db.users.ensureIndex({name:1})

CREATE INDEX myindexname ON users(name,ts DESC)
db.users.ensureIndex({name:1,ts:-1})

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM users WHERE z=3
db.users.find({z:3}).explain()

UPDATE users SET a=1 WHERE b='q'
db.users.update({b:'q'}, {$set:{a:1}}, false, true)

UPDATE users SET a=a+2 WHERE b='q'
db.users.update({b:'q'}, {$inc:{a:2}}, false, true)

DELETE FROM users WHERE z="abc"
db.users.remove({z:'abc'});

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