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C/C++中如何判斷某一文件或目錄是否存在

更新時(shí)間：2013年07月13日 11:04:21 作者：

以下文章是對(duì)C/C++中判斷某一文件或目錄是否存在的實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析介紹，需要的朋友可以參考下

1.C++很簡(jiǎn)單的一種辦法：

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
#define FILENAME "stat.dat"
int main()
{
     fstream _file;
     _file.open(FILENAME,ios::in);
     if(!_file)
     {
         cout<<FILENAME<<"沒(méi)有被創(chuàng)建";
      }
      else
      {
          cout<<FILENAME<<"已經(jīng)存在";
      }
      return 0;
}

2.利用 c 語(yǔ)言的庫(kù)的辦法：
函數(shù)名: access
功能: 確定文件的訪問(wèn)權(quán)限
用法: int access(const char *filename, int amode);
以前一直沒(méi)用過(guò)這個(gè)函數(shù),今天調(diào)試程序發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)函數(shù),感覺(jué)挺好用,尤其是判斷一個(gè)文件或文件夾是否存在的時(shí)候,用不著再find了,文件的話還可以檢測(cè)讀寫權(quán)限,文件夾的話則只能判斷是否存在,下面摘自MSDN：
int _access( const char *path, int mode );
Return Value
Each of these functions returns 0 if the file has the given mode. The function returns –1 if the named file does not exist or is not accessible in the given mode; in this case, errno is set as follows:
EACCES
Access denied: file's permission setting does not allow specified access.
ENOENT
Filename or path not found.
Parameters
path
File or directory path
mode
Permission setting
Remarks
When used with files, the _access function determines whether the specified file exists and can be accessed as specified by the value of mode. When used with directories, _access determines only whether the specified directory exists; in Windows NT, all directories have read and write access.
mode Value            Checks File For
00                              Existence only
02                              Write permission
04                              Read permission
06                              Read and write permission
Example

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

/* ACCESS.C: This example uses _access to check the
 * file named "ACCESS.C" to see if it exists and if
 * writing is allowed.
 */
#include  <io.h>
#include  <stdio.h>
#include  <stdlib.h>
void main( void )
{
   /* Check for existence */
   if( (_access( "ACCESS.C", 0 )) != -1 )
   {
      printf( "File ACCESS.C exists " );
      /* Check for write permission */
      if( (_access( "ACCESS.C", 2 )) != -1 )
         printf( "File ACCESS.C has write permission " );
   }
}

OutputFile ACCESS.C existsFile ACCESS.C has write permission
3.在windows平臺(tái)下用API函數(shù)FindFirstFile(...):
(1)檢查文件是否存在:

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0400
#include "windows.h"
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  WIN32_FIND_DATA FindFileData;
  HANDLE hFind;
  printf ("Target file is %s. ", argv[1]);
  hFind = FindFirstFile(argv[1], &FindFileData);
  if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
    printf ("Invalid File Handle. Get Last Error reports %d ", GetLastError ());
  } else {
    printf ("The first file found is %s ", FindFileData.cFileName);
    FindClose(hFind);
  }
  return (0);
}

(2)檢查某一目錄是否存在：

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

///目錄是否存在的檢查：
bool  CheckFolderExist(const string &strPath)
{
    WIN32_FIND_DATA  wfd;
    bool rValue = false;
    HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFile(strPath.c_str(), &wfd);
    if ((hFind != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) && (wfd.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
    {
        rValue = true;   
    }
    FindClose(hFind);
    return rValue;
}

4.使用boost的filesystem類庫(kù)的exists函數(shù)

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

#include <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem/convenience.hpp>
int GetFilePath(std::string &strFilePath)
{
    string strPath;
    int nRes = 0;
    //指定路徑            
    strPath = "D:/myTest/Test1/Test2";
    namespace fs = boost::filesystem;
    //路徑的可移植
    fs::path full_path( fs::initial_path() );
    full_path = fs::system_complete( fs::path(strPath, fs::native ) );
    //判斷各級(jí)子目錄是否存在，不存在則需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建
    if ( !fs::exists( full_path ) )
    {
        // 創(chuàng)建多層子目錄
        bool bRet = fs::create_directories(full_path);
        if (false == bRet)
        {
            return -1;
        }
    }
    strFilePath = full_path.native_directory_string();
    return 0;
}