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Python中使用platform模塊獲取系統(tǒng)信息的用法教程

更新時間：2024年09月18日 17:24:57 作者：bear

這里我們整理了Python中使用platform模塊獲取系統(tǒng)信息的用法教程,包括操作系統(tǒng)與Python環(huán)境以及系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境變量等信息的獲取方法:

操作系統(tǒng)相關(guān)

system() : 操作系統(tǒng)類型(見例)
version(): 操作系統(tǒng)版本
release(): 操作系統(tǒng)發(fā)布號, 例如win 7返回7, 還有如NT, 2.2.0之類.
platform(aliased=0, terse=0): 操作系統(tǒng)信息字符串,扥與system()+win32_ver()[:3]
win32_ver(release=’’, version=’’, csd=’’, ptype=’’): win系統(tǒng)相關(guān)信息
linux_distribution(distname=’’, version=’’, id=’’, supported_dists=(‘SuSE’, ‘debiaare’, ‘yellowdog’, ‘gentoo’, ‘UnitedLinux’, ‘turbolinux’), full_distribution_name=1): Linux系統(tǒng)相關(guān)信息
dist(distname=’’, version=’’, id=’’, supported_dists=(‘SuSE’, ‘debian’, ‘fedora’, ‘redhat’, ‘centos’, ‘mandrake’, ‘mandriva’, ‘rocks’, ‘slackware’, ‘yellowdog’, ‘gentoo’, ‘UnitedLinux’, ‘turbolinux’)): 嘗試獲取Linux OS發(fā)布版本信息.返回(distname,version,id). dist是發(fā)布版本的意思.
mac_ver(release=’’, versioninfo=(‘’, ‘’, ‘’), machine=’’): mac版本
java_ver(release=’’, vendor=’’, vminfo=(‘’, ‘’, ‘’), osinfo=(‘’, ‘’, ‘’)): java版本
libc_ver(executable=r’c:\Python27\python.exe’, lib=’’, version=’’, chunksize=2048): libc版本,linux相關(guān)吧.

以上相應(yīng)版本查詢的返回元組和其形參對應(yīng).

platform.system()
'Linux' # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits
'Windows' # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
'Windows' # python 3.3.2 64 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
'Darwin' # python 3.4.1 64 bits on mac os x 10.9.4
'Java' 

platform.version()
'#1 SMP Debian 3.10.11-1 (2013-09-10)' # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits
'6.2.9200' # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
'6.2.9200' # python 3.3.2 64 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
'Darwin Kernel Version 13.3.0: Tue Jun 3 21:27:35 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2422.110.17~1/RELEASE_X86_64' # python 3.4.1 64 bits on mac os x 10.9.4

platform()
'Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1'

win32_ver()
('7', '6.1.7601', 'SP1', u'Multiprocessor Free')

platform.dist()
('debian', 'jessie/sid', '') # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits

系統(tǒng)信息

uname(): 返回元組,system, node, release, version, machine, processor.
architecture(executable=r’c:\Python27\python.exe’, bits=’’, linkage=’’): 系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)
machine() : CPU平臺,AMD,x86?(見例)
node() : 節(jié)點(diǎn)名(機(jī)器名,如Hom-T400)
processor() : CPU信息
system_alias(system, release, version): 返回相應(yīng)元組..沒何用.
platform.architecture()

('64bit', 'ELF') # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits
('32bit', 'WindowsPE') # python 2.7.2 32 bits on windows 7 64 bits
('64bit', 'WindowsPE') # python 3.3.2 64 bits on wndows 8.1 64 bits
('64bit', '') # python 3.4.1 64 bits on mac os x 10.9.4

platform.machine()
'x86_64' # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits
'AMD64' # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
'AMD64' # python 3.3.2 64 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
'x86_64' # python 3.4.1 64 bits on mac os x 10.9.4

platform.node()
'Hom-T400' 

platform.processor()
'Intel64 Family 6 Model 23 Stepping 10, GenuineIntel'

platform.uname()
('Windows', 'Hom-T400', '7', '6.1.7601', 'AMD64', 'Intel64 Family 6 Model 23 Stepping 10, GenuineIntel')

uname_result(system='Linux', node='work', release='3.10-3-amd64', version='#1 SMP Debian 3.10.11-1 (2013-09-10)', machine='x86_64', processor='') # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits
 
uname_result(system='Windows', node='work-xxx', release='8', version='6.2.9200', machine='AMD64', processor='Intel64 Family 6 Model 58 Stepping 9,GenuineIntel') # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
 
uname_result(system='Darwin', node='mba', release='13.3.0', version='Darwin Kernel Version 13.3.0: Tue Jun 3 21:27:35 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2422.110.17~1/RELEASE_X86_64', machine='x86_64', processor='i386') # python 3.4.1 64 bits on mac os x 10.9.4

Python相關(guān)

python_version(): py版本號
python_branch(): python分支(子版本信息),一般為空.
python_build(): python編譯號(default)和日期.
python_compiler(): py編譯器信息
python_implementation(): python安裝履行方式,如CPython, Jython, Pypy, IronPython(.net)等.
python_revision(): python類型修改版信息,一般為空.
python_version_tuple():python版本號分割后的tuple.
popen(cmd, mode=’r’, bufsize=None): portable popen() 接口,執(zhí)行各種命令.
python_verison()

'3.3.2+' # python 3.3.2+ 64 bits on debian jessie 64 bits
'3.3.3' # python 3.3.2 32 bits on windows 8.1 64 bits
python_version_tuple()
('2', '7', '2')
python_build()
('default', 'Jun 12 2011 15:08:59')
python_compiler()
'MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)'
pl.python_implementation()
'CPython'

獲取用戶名：

>>> import getpass 
>>> getpass.getuser() 
'root'

獲取環(huán)境變量：

>>> import os
>>> import pwd
>>> os.environ['LANG']
'en_US.UTF-8'
>>> print os.getenv('LANG')
en_US.UTF-8
>>> print os.getenv('PWD')
/root
>>> print os.getenv('HOME')
/root
>>> print os.getenv('USER')
root
>>> print os.getenv('HOSTNAME')
localhost.localdomain
>>> print os.getenv('SHELL')
/bin/bash
>>> pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())
pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name='root', pw_passwd='x', pw_uid=0, pw_gid=0, pw_gecos='root', pw_dir='/root', pw_shell='/bin/bash')
>>> pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[0] #獲得用戶名
'root'
>>> pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[5] #獲得家目錄
'/root'
>>> pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[6] #獲得shell
'/bin/bash'

還有個os.environ.get，會返回所有環(huán)境變量為一個字典

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