js修改元素樣式的九種方式總結(jié)

更新時(shí)間：2024年04月29日 11:16:12 作者：冰糖雪梨dd

用慣了vue和react之后可能會(huì)慢慢淡忘掉原生的一些操作dom的幾種方式,有的時(shí)候確實(shí)需要我們通過(guò)原生的方式進(jìn)行操作,下面這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于js修改元素樣式的九種方式,需要的朋友可以參考下

1.直接設(shè)置style的屬性

style屬性可以設(shè)置或返回元素的內(nèi)聯(lián)樣式,對(duì)于更改同一個(gè)元素的同一種樣式，設(shè)置style屬性的優(yōu)先級(jí)較高

語(yǔ)法：element.style.property = value
property為CSS屬性名，如：color，margin。如果屬性名原來(lái)包含“-”，則需轉(zhuǎn)換為小駝峰形式，如：backgroundColor，marginLeft。

var box = document.querySelector('div')
box.style.color = "#fff" // 將元素中文字設(shè)置為白色 
box.style.marginLeft = "100px" // 將元素左外邊距設(shè)置為100px

某些情況用這個(gè)設(shè)置 !important值無(wú)效

如果屬性有’-'號(hào)，就寫(xiě)成駝峰的形式（如textAlign）如果想保留 - 號(hào)，就中括號(hào)的形式

element.style.height = '100px';

2.直接設(shè)置屬性

只能用于某些屬性，相關(guān)樣式會(huì)自動(dòng)識(shí)別

element.setAttribute('height', 100);
element.setAttribute('height', '100px');

3.設(shè)置style的屬性

element.setAttribute('style', 'height: 100px !important');

4.使用setProperty

如果要設(shè)置!important，推薦用這種方法設(shè)置第三個(gè)參數(shù)

element.style.setProperty('height', '300px', 'important');

5.改變class （推薦）

通過(guò)改變偽元素父級(jí)的class來(lái)動(dòng)態(tài)更改偽元素的樣式

element.className = 'blue';
element.className += 'blue fb';

6.設(shè)置cssText

element.style.cssText = 'height: 100px !important';
element.style.cssText += 'height: 100px !important';

7.引入css樣式文件

創(chuàng)建引入新的css樣式文件

 function addNewStyle(newStyle) {
            var styleElement = document.getElementById('styles_js');

<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>styleElement<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> styleElement <span class="token operator">&#61;</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createElement</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;style&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> styleElement<span class="token punctuation">.</span>type <span class="token operator">&#61;</span> <span class="token string">&#39;text/css&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> styleElement<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id <span class="token operator">&#61;</span> <span class="token string">&#39;styles_js&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;head&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">appendChild</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>styleElement<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> styleElement<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">appendChild</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTextNode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>newStyle<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token function">addNewStyle</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;.box {height: 100px !important;}&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

8.使用addRule、insertRule

// 在原有樣式操作
        document.styleSheets[0].addRule('.box', 'height: 100px');
        document.styleSheets[0].insertRule('.box {height: 100px}', 0);

<span class="token comment">// 或者插入新樣式時(shí)操作</span> <span class="token keyword">var</span> styleEl <span class="token operator">&#61;</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createElement</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;style&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> styleSheet <span class="token operator">&#61;</span> styleEl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sheet<span class="token punctuation">;</span> styleSheet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addRule</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;.box&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&#39;height: 100px&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> styleSheet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insertRule</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&#39;.box {height: 100px}&#39;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span>head<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">appendChild</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>styleEl<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

9.通過(guò)classList控制樣式

classList屬性返回一個(gè)元素類屬性集合（這里可以簡(jiǎn)單理解為類名的集合），通過(guò)使用classList中的方法可以方便的訪問(wèn)和控制元素類名，達(dá)到控制樣式的目的

classList常用方法介紹：

名稱	描述
`add(class1, class2, …)`	添加一個(gè)或多個(gè)類名
`remove(class1, class2, …)`	移除一個(gè)或多個(gè)類名
`replace(oldClass, newClass)`	替換類名
`contains(class)`	判定類名是否存在，返回布爾值
`toggle(class, true\|false)`	如果類名存在，則移除它，否則添加它，第二個(gè)參數(shù)代表無(wú)論類名是否存在，強(qiáng)制添加（`true`）或刪除（`false`）

<div class="box">classList test</div>
<script>
  var box = document.querySelector('.box')
  box.classList.add('box1', 'box2')    // [box] => [box, box1, box2]
  box.classList.remove('box1', 'box2') // [box, box1, box2] => [box]
  box.classList.replace('box', 'box2')  // [box] => [box2]
  box.classList.contains('box1')  // 當(dāng)前元素不包含類名box1，返回false
  box.classList.toggle('active')   // [box2] => [box2, active]
</script>