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vue3上傳excel并在線預(yù)覽的實(shí)現(xiàn)

更新時(shí)間：2025年12月17日 09:39:08 作者：Summer不禿

文章介紹了通過將Excel文檔的數(shù)據(jù)處理成HTML表格字符串,實(shí)現(xiàn)在線預(yù)覽的方法,使用了XLSX庫中的`sheet_to_html`和`sheet_to_json`函數(shù)將Excel工作表轉(zhuǎn)換為HTML表格和JSON格式

前言

關(guān)于實(shí)現(xiàn)excel文檔在線預(yù)覽的做法，一種方式是通過講文檔里的數(shù)據(jù)處理成html，一種是將文檔處理成圖片進(jìn)行預(yù)覽，這里使用的是第一種。

安裝 xlsx 依賴

npm i xlsx --save

XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html

使用XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html方法將工作表(workSheet)轉(zhuǎn)化成html表格的字符串表示，然后顯示在前端頁面，按照表格的行列結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行排序，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)在線預(yù)覽的效果

import * as XLSX from 'xlsx'

export const file2Preview = (file: File) => {
  return new Promise(function (resolve) {
    const reader = new FileReader();// 文件加載事件
    reader.onload = function (e) {
      const data = e.target?.result;
      const workbook = XLSX.read(data, {
        type: "binary", cellDates: true,
      });
      // 拿第-個(gè)sheet
      const worksheet = workbook.Sheets[workbook.SheetNames[0]];
      const html = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_html(worksheet);
      // 返回html
      resolve(html);
    };
    reader.readAsBinaryString(file);
  });
};

調(diào)用實(shí)現(xiàn)

<template>
    <n-upload
    v-model:file-list="fileList"
    action="https://www.mocky.io/v2/5e4bafc63100007100d8b70f"
    @change="handleUploadChange"
    @remove="handleRemove"
    @update:file-list="handleFileListChange"
  >
        <n-button>上傳文件</n-button>
    </n-upload>

    <div class="flex-center preview-table" id="previewTable"></div>
 
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { defineComponent, ref } from 'vue'
import { useMessage } from 'naive-ui'
import type { UploadFileInfo } from 'naive-ui'
import { NButton } from "naive-ui";
import {file2Preview} from '@main/utils/index';

    const message = useMessage()
    const fileListRef = ref<UploadFileInfo[]>([

    ])

    const fileList = ref(fileListRef)
    const handleUploadChange = async (data: { fileList: UploadFileInfo[] }) => {
        const html= await file2Preview(data.fileList[0].file as File);
        const previewTable = document.getElementById('previewTable');
      }

      const handleRemove = (data: { file: UploadFileInfo, fileList: UploadFileInfo[] }) => {
        if (data.file.id === 'text-message') {
          message.info('居然沒傳上去，算了，刪了吧')
        }
        else if (data.file.id === 'notification') {
          message.error('不行，這個(gè)有用，不許刪')
          return false
        }
        else if (data.file.id === 'contact') {
          message.loading('不知道這個(gè)有沒有用，等我問問服務(wù)器能不能刪', {
            duration: 4000
          })
          return new Promise((resolve) => {
            setTimeout(() => {
              message.error('不行，他們也不許刪這個(gè)')
              resolve(false)
            }, 4000)
          })
        }
      }
      const handleFileListChange = () => {
        message.info('是的，file-list 的值變了')
      }

</script>

<style lang="less" scoped>
  ::v-deep table {
    border: 1px solid #000 !important;
    margin-top: 10px;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    }
  ::v-deep th {
    border: 1px solid #000 !important;
    }
  ::v-deep tr {
    border: 1px solid #000 !important;
    }
  ::v-deep td {
    border: 1px solid #000 !important;
    text-align: center;
    min-width:20px;
    height: 20px;
    line-height: 20px;
    padding: 4px;
    color:#3e3e3e;
}
</style>

XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json

XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json用于將excel表格中的工作表(sheet)轉(zhuǎn)換成JSON格式的函數(shù)，使用組件顯示

export const file2Data = (file: File)  => {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const reader = new FileReader();
    reader.onload = function (e) {
      const data = e.target?.result;
      if (!data) {
        reject(new Error("Failed to read file data"));
        return;
      }

      try {
        const workbook = XLSX.read(data, { type: "binary" });
        const result: any[] = [];

        workbook.SheetNames.forEach((sheetName) => {
          const sheet = workbook.Sheets[sheetName];
          const jsonData = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(sheet, { header: 1, raw: false });
          if (jsonData.length > 0) {
            result.push({
            sheetName,
            sheet: jsonData
          });
          }
          
        });

        console.log(result); // 輸出解析后的數(shù)據(jù)
        resolve(result);
      } catch (error) {
        reject(error);
      }
    };

    reader.onerror = function (e) {
      reject(new Error("FileReader error: " + e.target?.error?.message));
    };

    reader.readAsBinaryString(file);
  });
};

調(diào)用實(shí)現(xiàn)

<script lang="ts" setup>
import { defineComponent, ref } from 'vue'
import { useMessage } from 'naive-ui'
import type { UploadFileInfo } from 'naive-ui'
import { NButton } from "naive-ui";
import {file2Data} from '@main/utils/index';

const message = useMessage()
const fileListRef = ref<UploadFileInfo[]>([

])

const datas = ref({
  source:[],
  columns:[]
})

const fileList = ref(fileListRef)
const handleUploadChange = async (data: { fileList: UploadFileInfo[] }) => {
  fileListRef.value = data.fileList;
  const excelData = await file2Data(data.fileList[0].file as File)
  
  datas.value.source = excelData[0].sheet;
  datas.value.columns = [];

  Object.keys(datas.value.source[0]).map((v) => {
    datas.value.columns = [
      ...datas.value.columns,
      {
        title: datas.value.source[0][v],
        key: v
      }
    ]
  })

  datas.value.source = datas.value.source.slice(1);
  console.log(datas.value);
}

const handleRemove = (data: { file: UploadFileInfo, fileList: UploadFileInfo[] }) => {
  if (data.file.id === 'text-message') {
    message.info('居然沒傳上去，算了，刪了吧')
  }
  else if (data.file.id === 'notification') {
    message.error('不行，這個(gè)有用，不許刪')
    return false
  }
  else if (data.file.id === 'contact') {
    message.loading('不知道這個(gè)有沒有用，等我問問服務(wù)器能不能刪', {
      duration: 4000
    })
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        message.error('不行，他們也不許刪這個(gè)')
        resolve(false)
      }, 4000)
    })
  }
}
const handleFileListChange = () => {
  message.info('是的，file-list 的值變了')
}

</script>

<template>
    <n-upload
    v-model:file-list="fileList"
    action="https://www.mocky.io/v2/5e4bafc63100007100d8b70f"
    @change="handleUploadChange"
    @remove="handleRemove"
    @update:file-list="handleFileListChange"
  >
    <n-button>上傳文件</n-button>
  </n-upload>

    <n-data-table
    id="previewTable"
    class="preview-table"
    :columns="datas.columns"
    :data="datas.source"
    :pagination="false"
    :bordered="false"
  />

  
</template>

<style lang="less" scoped>
  ::v-deep table {
    border: 1px solid #000 !important;
    margin-top: 10px;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    }
  ::v-deep th {
    border: 1px solid #000 !important;
    }
  ::v-deep tr {
    border: 1px solid #000 !important;
    }
  ::v-deep td {
    border: 1px solid #000 !important;
    text-align: center;
    min-width:20px;
    height: 20px;
    line-height: 20px;
    padding: 4px;
    color:#3e3e3e;
}
</style>