Golang http請求封裝的代碼示例

更新時間：2023年06月02日 09:19:29 作者：悟世君子

http請求封裝在項目中非常普遍，下面筆者封裝了http post請求傳json、form 和get請求，以備將來使用，文中代碼示例介紹的非常詳細(xì),需要的朋友可以參考下

1、POST請求

1.1、POST請求發(fā)送 json

這里發(fā)送json筆者使用了2種方式，一種是golang 自帶的 http.Post方法，另一是 http.NewRequest

方法。二者的區(qū)別是http.Post方法不能發(fā)送自定義的header數(shù)據(jù)；而http.NewRequest方法可以發(fā)送額外的自定義header數(shù)據(jù)

先看使用golang 自帶的 http.Post方法封裝的POST請求

func HttpPostJson(url string, requestBody []byte) (string, error) {
	response, er := http.Post(url, "application/json", bytes.NewBuffer(requestBody))
	if er != nil {
		return "", er
	}
	defer response.Body.Close()
	body, er2 := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
	if er2 != nil {
		return "", er2
	}
	return string(body), nil
}

再看使用http.NewRequest方法封裝的POST請求

看golang的源代碼可以知道 http.Post方法底層就是使用的 NewRequest 方法，因此NewRequest方法更加靈活

func HttpPost(url string, header map[string]string, requestBody []byte) (string, error) {
	httpClient := &http.Client{}
	request, er := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewBuffer(requestBody))
	if er != nil {
		return "", er
	}
	for key, value := range header {
		request.Header.Set(key, value)
	}
	//設(shè)置請求頭Content-Type
	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	response, er2 := httpClient.Do(request)
	if er2 != nil {
		return "", er2
	}
	defer response.Body.Close()
	body, er3 := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
	if er3 != nil {
		return "", er3
	}
	return string(body), nil
}

1.2、POST請求發(fā)送form

form數(shù)據(jù)使用map存放，map的key是字符串，value是字符串切片

func HttpPostForm(url string, form map[string][]string) (string, error) {
	response, er := http.PostForm(url, form)
	if er != nil {
		return "", er
	}
	defer response.Body.Close()
	body, er2 := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
	if er2 != nil {
		return "", er2
	}
	return string(body), nil
}

可以攜帶自定義header的post請求發(fā)送form

筆者使用NewRequest 方法封裝的可以攜帶自定義header的form請求

func HttpPostHeaderForm(requestUrl string, header map[string]string, form map[string][]string) (string, error) {
	httpClient := &http.Client{}
	var data url.Values
	data = map[string][]string{}
	for k, v := range form {
		data[k] = v
	}
	request, er := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, requestUrl, strings.NewReader(data.Encode()))
	if er != nil {
		return "", er
	}
	request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
	//設(shè)置自定義header
	for key, value := range header {
		request.Header.Set(key, value)
	}
	response, er := httpClient.Do(request)
	if er != nil {
		return "", er
	}
	defer response.Body.Close()
	body, er2 := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
	if er2 != nil {
		return "", er2
	}
	return string(body), nil
}

2、GET請求

func HttpGet(url string) (string, error) {
	response, er := http.Get(url)
	if er != nil {
		return "", er
	}
	defer response.Body.Close()
	body, er2 := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
	if er2 != nil {
		return "", er2
	}
	return string(body), nil
}

3、測試

這里服務(wù)端筆者使用springboot項目創(chuàng)建，用來接收請求，端口默認(rèn)8080

參數(shù)類

package com.wsjz.demo.param;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class AddParam {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
}

controller

package com.wsjz.demo.controller;
import com.wsjz.demo.param.AddParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
@RestController
public class DemoController {
    @PostMapping("/json/add")
    public String jsonAdd(@RequestBody AddParam param, HttpServletRequest request) {
        System.out.println(request.getHeader("token"));
        System.out.println(param);
        return "json ok";
    }
    @PostMapping("/form/add")
    public String formAdd(AddParam param, HttpServletRequest request) {
        System.out.println(request.getHeader("token"));
        System.out.println(param);
        return "form ok";
    }
    @GetMapping("/get/add")
    public String getAdd(AddParam param) {
        System.out.println(param);
        return "get ok";
    }
}

golang測試代碼

新建User結(jié)構(gòu)體做為參數(shù)

type User struct {
	Name string `json:"name"`
	Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

（1）、測試HttpPostJson方法

func TestHttpPostJson(t *testing.T) {
	url := "http://localhost:8080/json/add"
	var user = User{
		Name: "舉頭西北浮云，倚天萬里須長劍，人言此地，夜深長見，斗牛光焰",
		Age:  17,
	}
	requestBody, er := json.Marshal(user)
	if er != nil {
		log.Fatal(er)
	}
	response, er := HttpPostJson(url, requestBody)
	if er != nil {
		fmt.Println(er)
	}
	fmt.Println(response)
}

運行效果

（2）、測試HttpPost方法

func TestHttpPost(t *testing.T) {
	url := "http://localhost:8080/json/add"
	var header = make(map[string]string)
	header["token"] = "2492dc007dfc4ce8adcc8b42b21641f4"
	var user = User{
		Name: "我見青山多嫵媚",
		Age:  17,
	}
	requestBody, er := json.Marshal(user)
	if er != nil {
		log.Fatal(er)
	}
	response, er2 := HttpPost(url, header, requestBody)
	if er2 != nil {
		log.Fatal(er2)
	}
	fmt.Println(response)
}

運行效果

（3）、測試HttpPostForm方法

func TestHttpPostForm(t *testing.T) {
	url := "http://localhost:8080/form/add"
	var form = make(map[string][]string)
	form["name"] = []string{"可憐今夕月,向何處,去悠悠"}
	form["age"] = []string{"18"}
	response, er := HttpPostForm(url, form)
	if er != nil {
		fmt.Println(er)
	}
	fmt.Println(response)
}

運行效果

（4）、測試HttpPostHeaderForm方法

func TestHttpPostHeaderForm(t *testing.T) {
	url := "http://localhost:8080/form/add"
	var header = make(map[string]string)
	header["token"] = "0a8b903b7d7448e3ab007caab081965c"
	var form = make(map[string][]string)
	form["name"] = []string{"相思字，空盈幅，相思意，何時足"}
	form["age"] = []string{"18"}
	response, er := HttpPostHeaderForm(url, header, form)
	if er != nil {
		fmt.Println(er)
	}
	fmt.Println(response)
}

運行效果

（5）、測試HttpGet方法

func TestHttpGet(t *testing.T) {
	//對中文進(jìn)行編碼
	name := url.QueryEscape("乘風(fēng)好去，長空萬里，直下看山河")
	requestUrl := "http://localhost:8080/get/add?name=" + name + "&age=19"
	response, er := HttpGet(requestUrl)
	if er != nil {
		fmt.Println(er)
	}
	fmt.Println(response)
}

運行效果