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Centos的Inode和Block的相關知識

  發(fā)布時間:2016-11-30 16:14:00   作者:佚名   我要評論
今天小編為大家?guī)砹薈entos的Inode和Block的一些相關知識;有需要的朋友可以過來看看

本經(jīng)驗均在CentOSrelease6.7(Final)下操作,如知識有欠缺之處 歡迎批評指正。

linux 的inode及block的相關知識:

1> Linux系統(tǒng)分區(qū)格式化文件系統(tǒng)之后,系統(tǒng)會分為Inode及Block兩部分:

1)Inode為系統(tǒng)文件的屬性信息(ls -l的結果)及指向文件實體的指針,但是沒有存放文件名,一般在上級目錄里的Block。

2)Block為存放數(shù)據(jù)的,ext3/ext4一般為1k,2k,4k,一般默認4k

3)一個文件不論多大至少占用一個Inode和一個Block,一個Block只能存放一個文件的內容,block的數(shù)量大于Inode的數(shù)量,多個文件可以占用同一個 inode(硬鏈接) 。

4)訪問文件, 通過文件-->inode(驗證權限)--->blocks.

5)inode 一般情況默認256B,block大小1k,2k,4k,默認4k,注意,引導分區(qū)等特殊分區(qū)除外。

6)通過df -i 查看inode的數(shù)量及使用情況,dumpe2fs /dev/sda1  查看inode及block的大小和數(shù)量。

7)一個block只能 被一個文件使用 ,如果一個文件很小block太大,剩余空間浪費,無法繼續(xù)被其他文件使用。

8)block不是越大越好,根據(jù)業(yè)務的文件大小進行選擇,一般就是默認 4k。

9)可以在格式化的時候改變inode及block的大小,使用mkfs.ext4 -b 2048 -I 1024  /dev/sdb2

2>Linux中df命令的功能是用來檢查linux服務器的文件系統(tǒng)的磁盤空間占用情況??梢岳迷撁顏慝@取硬盤被占用了多少空間,目前還剩下多少空間等信息。

1.命令格式:

df [選項] [文件]

2.參數(shù) :

df -i  查看參數(shù)多少個

[root@techW ~]# df -i
Filesystem            Inodes IUsed   IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_techw-lv_root
                     1152816 55846 1096970    5% /
tmpfs                 125596     1  125595    1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             128016    38  127978    1% /boot

df -h 查看磁盤大?。?/p>

[root@techW ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_techw-lv_root
                       18G  1.5G   15G   9% /
tmpfs                 491M     0  491M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   36M  416M   8% /boot

查看當前系統(tǒng)分區(qū)的Inode及Block的總量及使用量:

[root@techW ~]# dumpe2fs  /dev/sda1 | grep -i "block size"
dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Block size:               1024
[root@techW ~]# 
[root@techW ~]# 
[root@techW ~]# dumpe2fs  /dev/sda1 | grep -i "inode size"
dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Inode size:               128    ###boot分區(qū)為128,常規(guī)分區(qū)為256
[root@techW ~]# 
[root@techW ~]# 
[root@techW ~]# dumpe2fs  /dev/sda1 | grep -i "inode count"
dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Inode count:              128016
[root@techW ~]# 
[root@techW ~]# dumpe2fs  /dev/sda1 | grep -i "block count"
dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Block count:              512000
Reserved block count:     25600

3>添加一塊磁盤,格式化,改變Inode及 Block的大小,掛載查看硬盤的Inode及Block數(shù)量:

1)添加一塊5G的磁盤,為方便區(qū)分設置為/dev/sdb,fdisk分區(qū),然后mkfs.ext4格式化

(虛擬機增加一塊5G的硬盤,分區(qū),格式化)

[root@techW ~]# fdisk  /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x2d37eabe.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help):  n ### add a new partition
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2  ### 為做區(qū)分,選擇2
First cylinder (1-652, default 1): 
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-652, default 652): 
Using default value 652
Command (m for help): w   ###  write table to disk and exit
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

分區(qū)時的參數(shù)命令:

a   toggle a bootable flag
b   edit bsd disklabel
c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
d   delete a partition
l   list known partition types
m   print this menu
n   add a new partition
o   create a new empty DOS partition table
p   print the partition table
q   quit without saving changes
s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
t   change a partition's system id
u   change display/entry units
v   verify the partition table
w   write table to disk and exit
x   extra functionality (experts only)
[root@techW ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)    ###默認的Block的大小為4096
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1309289 blocks
65464 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

2)###inode的大小范圍為128-2048,block的大小范圍為1024-4096####

3)將Block和Inode的大小都改為2048:

[root@techW ~]# mkfs.ext4 -b 2048 -I 2048 /dev/sdb2
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=2048 (log=1)
Fragment size=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
326400 inodes, 2618578 blocks
130928 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=540016640
160 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2040 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816, 1327104, 
        2048000
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

4)使用dumpe2fs命令查詢Inode和Block的大?。?/p>

[root@techW ~]# dumpe2fs  /dev/sdb2 | grep "Inode size"
dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Inode size:               2048  ###大小更改成功
[root@techW ~]# 
s  /dev/sdb2 | grep "Block size"
dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Block size:               2048  ###大小更改成功

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