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詳解WPF如何動(dòng)態(tài)生成DataGrid的行和列

更新時(shí)間：2024年02月23日 09:13:07 作者：老碼識(shí)途呀

在日常開(kāi)發(fā)中,DataGrid作為二維表格,非常適合數(shù)據(jù)的展示和統(tǒng)計(jì),本文以一些簡(jiǎn)單的小例子,簡(jiǎn)述在WPF開(kāi)發(fā)中,如何動(dòng)態(tài)生成DataGrid的行和列,需要的可以了解下

在日常開(kāi)發(fā)中，DataGrid作為二維表格，非常適合數(shù)據(jù)的展示和統(tǒng)計(jì)。通常情況下，一般都有固定的格式和確定的數(shù)據(jù)列展示，但是在某些特殊情況下，也可能會(huì)需要用到動(dòng)態(tài)生成列。本文以一些簡(jiǎn)單的小例子，簡(jiǎn)述在WPF開(kāi)發(fā)中，如何動(dòng)態(tài)生成DataGrid的行和列，僅供學(xué)習(xí)分享使用，如有不足之處，還請(qǐng)指正。

涉及知識(shí)點(diǎn)

在本示例中，用到的知識(shí)點(diǎn)如下所示：

CommunityToolkit.Mvvm，微軟提供的一個(gè)基于.Net的MVVM框架庫(kù)，通過(guò)此庫(kù)，可以方便是實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)綁定和命令綁定，達(dá)到前后端分離的目的。
ObservableCollection ，相比較于List，當(dāng)列表中的數(shù)據(jù)條數(shù)發(fā)生變化時(shí)，會(huì)自動(dòng)進(jìn)行通知，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)時(shí)更新。
DataTable，表示內(nèi)存的一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)表格，可以動(dòng)態(tài)創(chuàng)建列，并自動(dòng)綁定到DataGrid中。
ExpandoObject 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)象，其內(nèi)容可以動(dòng)態(tài)添加和刪除。

普通綁定

將ViewModel中的列表對(duì)象，綁定到View頁(yè)面中的DataGrid，實(shí)現(xiàn)步驟如下：

1. 創(chuàng)建模型

創(chuàng)建綁定到DataGrid中的對(duì)象模型，如下所示：

public class Student
{
	/// <summary>
	/// 唯一標(biāo)識(shí)
	/// </summary>
	public int Id { get; set; } 
 
	/// <summary>
	/// 姓名
	/// </summary>
	public string Name { get; set; }
 
	/// <summary>
	/// 年齡
	/// </summary>
	public int Age { get; set; }
 
	/// <summary>
	/// 性別
	/// </summary>
	public string Gender { get; set; }
 
	/// <summary>
	/// 地址
	/// </summary>
	public string Addr { get; set; }
}

2. 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)源列表對(duì)象

創(chuàng)建要綁定到視圖層的列表對(duì)象Students，并賦值，如下所示：

public class GeneralBindingViewModel:ObservableObject
{
	private ObservableCollection<Student> students;
 
	public ObservableCollection<Student> Students
	{
		get { return students; }
		set { SetProperty(ref students, value); }
	}
 
	public GeneralBindingViewModel()
	{
		Students=new ObservableCollection<Student>();
	}
 
	#region Loaded命令
 
	private ICommand winLoadedCommand;
 
	public ICommand WinLoadedCommand
	{
		get
		{
			if (winLoadedCommand == null)
			{
				winLoadedCommand = new RelayCommand<object>(WinLoaded);
			}
			return winLoadedCommand;
		}
	}
 
	private void WinLoaded(object sender)
	{
		if (sender != null)
		{
 
		}
		if (Students == null || Students.Count < 1)
		{
			var parentName = new string[5] { "張", "王", "李", "趙", "劉" };
			var province = new string[5] { "河南", "江蘇", "河北", "湖北", "福建" };
			for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
			{
				var student = new Student()
				{
					Id = i,
					Name = parentName[(i % 4)] + i.ToString().PadLeft(2, 'A'),
					Age = 20 + (i % 5),
					Gender = i % 2 == 0 ? "男" : "女",
					Addr = province[(i % 4)]
				};
				this.Students.Add(student);
			}
		}
	}
 
	#endregion
}

3. 視圖綁定

在UI視圖中，為DataGrid的ItemsSource屬性綁定數(shù)據(jù)源，如下所示：

<Window x:Class="DemoDynamicBinding.GeneralBinding"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/xaml/behaviors"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DemoDynamicBinding"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="基礎(chǔ)綁定" Height="450" Width="800">
    <i:Interaction.Triggers>
        <i:EventTrigger EventName="Loaded">
            <i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding WinLoadedCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Window}}"/>
        </i:EventTrigger>
    </i:Interaction.Triggers>
    <Grid>
        <DataGrid ItemsSource="{Binding Students}" CanUserAddRows="False" CanUserDeleteRows="False" ColumnWidth="*" ColumnHeaderHeight="30" RowHeight="25" AlternationCount="2" AlternatingRowBackground="AliceBlue" RowBackground="#ffffee">
            
        </DataGrid>
    </Grid>
</Window>

4. 關(guān)聯(lián)視圖層和ViewModel層

在視圖文件對(duì)應(yīng)的cs文件中，創(chuàng)建ViewModel對(duì)象，如下所示：

public partial class GeneralBinding : Window
{
	private GeneralBindingViewModel viewModel;
 
	public GeneralBinding()
	{
		InitializeComponent();
		if(viewModel == null)
		{
			viewModel = new GeneralBindingViewModel();
			this.DataContext = viewModel;
		}
	}
}

動(dòng)態(tài)生成列

在WPF開(kāi)發(fā)中，動(dòng)態(tài)生成DataGrid列，共有兩種方式：

1. DataTable作為數(shù)據(jù)源

通過(guò)DataTable作為數(shù)據(jù)源，可以不用創(chuàng)建模型，也不需要使用ObservableCollection對(duì)象，直接使用DataTable作為數(shù)據(jù)承載對(duì)象，DataGrid會(huì)根據(jù)DataTable的Columns列表自動(dòng)生成列。如下所示：

public class DataTableBindingViewModel:ObservableObject
{
	private DataTable students;
 
	public DataTable Students
	{
		get { return students; }
		set { SetProperty(ref students , value); }
	}
 
	public DataTableBindingViewModel()
	{
		Students = new DataTable();
	}
 
	#region Loaded命令
 
	private ICommand winLoadedCommand;
 
	public ICommand WinLoadedCommand
	{
		get
		{
			if (winLoadedCommand == null)
			{
				winLoadedCommand = new RelayCommand<object>(WinLoaded);
			}
			return winLoadedCommand;
		}
	}
 
	private void WinLoaded(object sender)
	{
		if (sender != null)
		{
 
		}
		if (Students == null || Students.Rows.Count < 1)
		{
			var students = new DataTable();
			students.Columns.Add("Id",typeof(int));
			students.Columns.Add("Name", typeof(string));
			students.Columns.Add("Age", typeof(int));
			students.Columns.Add("Gender", typeof(string));
			students.Columns.Add("Addr", typeof(string));
			var parentName = new string[5] { "張", "王", "李", "趙", "劉" };
			var province = new string[5] { "河南", "江蘇", "河北", "湖北", "福建" };
			
			for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
			{
				var dr = students.NewRow();
				dr["Id"] = i;
				dr["Name"] = parentName[(i % 5)] + i.ToString().PadLeft(2, 'A');
				dr["Age"] = 20 + (i % 5);
				dr["Gender"] = i % 2 == 0 ? "男" : "女";
				dr["Addr"] = province[(i % 5)];
			   
				students.Rows.Add(dr);
			}
			this.Students= students;
		}
	}
 
	#endregion
 
}

2. ExpandoObject作為模型

ExpandoObject是dynamic類(lèi)型，可以在運(yùn)行時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)的添加和刪除內(nèi)容。而且ExpandoObject對(duì)象支持Key=Value形式，并可以對(duì)Key進(jìn)行綁定。如下所示：

public class DynamicBindingViewModel : ObservableObject
{
	private ObservableCollection<ExpandoObject> students;
 
	public ObservableCollection<ExpandoObject> Students
	{
		get { return students; }
		set { SetProperty(ref students , value); }
	}
 
	private DataGrid dataGrid;
 
 
	public DynamicBindingViewModel()
	{
		this.Students = new ObservableCollection<ExpandoObject>();
	}
 
	#region Loaded命令
 
	private ICommand winLoadedCommand;
 
	public ICommand WinLoadedCommand
	{
		get
		{
			if (winLoadedCommand == null)
			{
				winLoadedCommand = new RelayCommand<object>(WinLoaded);
			}
			return winLoadedCommand;
		}
	}
 
	private void WinLoaded(object sender)
	{
		if (sender != null)
		{
			var control = sender as DynamicBinding;
			if (control != null)
			{
				this.dataGrid = control.dgTest;
			}
		}
		if (Students == null || Students.Count < 1)
		{
			var parentName = new string[5] { "張", "王", "李", "趙", "劉" };
			var province = new string[5] { "河南", "江蘇", "河北", "湖北", "福建" };
			for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
			{
				dynamic item = new ExpandoObject();
				item.Id=i.ToString();
				item.Name = parentName[(i % 5)] + i.ToString().PadLeft(2, 'A');
				item.Age = 20 + (i % 5);
				item.Gender = i % 2 == 0 ? "男" : "女";
				item.Addr = province[(i % 5)];
				this.Students.Add(item);
			}
			//添加列
			this.dataGrid.Columns.Add(new DataGridTextColumn() { Header = "學(xué)號(hào)", Binding = new Binding("Id") });
			this.dataGrid.Columns.Add(new DataGridTextColumn() { Header = "姓名", Binding = new Binding("Name") });
			this.dataGrid.Columns.Add(new DataGridTextColumn() { Header = "年齡", Binding = new Binding("Age") });
			this.dataGrid.Columns.Add(new DataGridTextColumn() { Header = "性別", Binding = new Binding("Gender") });
			this.dataGrid.Columns.Add(new DataGridTextColumn() { Header = "地址", Binding = new Binding("Addr") });
		}
	}
 
	#endregion
}

示例效果

以上三種方式，實(shí)現(xiàn)的效果都是一致的，只是分別應(yīng)用到不同的場(chǎng)景中，如下所示：

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