RabbitMQ 避免消息重復消費的方法
RabbitMQ 如何避免消息重復消費?
冪等性
當消費者消費完消息之后,通常會發(fā)送一個ack應答確認信息給生產者,但是這中間有可能因為網絡中斷等原因,導致生產者未能收到確認消息,由此這條消息將會被 重復發(fā)送給其他消費者進行消費,實際上這條消息已經被消費過了,這就是重復消費的問題。
消息冪等性,其實就是保證同一個消息不被消費者重復消費兩次。
如何避免消息重復消費?
消費者端實現冪等性,意味著消息永遠不會消費多次,即使收到了多條一樣的消息。通常有兩種方式來避免消費重復消費:
- 方式1: 消息全局 ID 或者寫個唯一標識(如時間戳、UUID 等) :每次消費消息之前根據消息 id 去判斷該消息是否已消費過,如果已經消費過,則不處理這條消息,否則正常消費消息,并且進行入庫操作。(消息全局 ID 作為數據庫表的主鍵,防止重復)
- 方式2: 利用 Redis 的 setnx 命令:給消息分配一個全局 ID,消費該消息時,先去 Redis 中查詢有沒消費記錄,無則以鍵值對形式寫入 Redis ,有則不消費該消息。
基于本地消息表實現消息冪等性
導入 pom.xml 依賴(公共部分)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.7.0</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.mq</groupId>
<artifactId>rabbitmq</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>rabbitmq</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-amqp -->
<!--springboot rabbit 啟動器-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
<version>2.7.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.24</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/cn.hutool/hutool-all -->
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>5.8.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>3.4.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-plus</artifactId>
<version>3.4.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
<version>2.6.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>yml 配置文件(公共部分)
spring:
application:
name: rabbitmq
rabbitmq:
host: 10.0.0.4
port: 5672
username: admin
password: admin
virtual-host: /
publisher-confirm-type: correlated # 開啟消息發(fā)布確認機制
publisher-returns: true # 發(fā)布消息返回監(jiān)聽回調
# 指定消息確認模式
listener:
simple:
acknowledge-mode: manual
# 未正確路由的消息發(fā)送到備份隊列
# 使用備份交換機模式,mandatory 將無效,即就算 mandatory設 置為 false,路由失敗的消息同樣會被投遞到綁定的備份交換機
template:
mandatory: true
redis:
host: 10.0.0.4
database: 0
port: 6379
timeout: 300ms
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://10.0.0.4:3306/Test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
username: root
password: root
server:
port: 8080
# mybatis 插件打印日志,打印查詢結果
mybatis-plus:
configuration:
log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl創(chuàng)建本地消息表
CREATE TABLE `message_idempotent` ( `message_id` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '消息ID', `message_content` varchar(2000) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '消息內容', PRIMARY KEY (`message_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
創(chuàng)建實體類
package com.mq.rabbitmq.vo;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.activerecord.Model;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
/**
* @ClassName MessageIdempotent
* @Description TODO
* @Author 聽秋
* @Date 2022/6/23 16:25
* @Version 1.0
**/
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class MessageIdempotent extends Model<MessageIdempotent> {
private String messageId;
private String messageContent;
}創(chuàng)建 mapper 接口
package com.mq.rabbitmq.mapper;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.mq.rabbitmq.vo.MessageIdempotent;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
/**
* @ClassName MessageIdempotentMapper
* @Description TODO
* @Author 聽秋
* @Date 2022/6/23 19:03
* @Version 1.0
**/
@Mapper
public interface MessageIdempotentMapper extends BaseMapper<MessageIdempotent> {
}創(chuàng)建 RabbitMQ 配置類(公共部分)
package com.mq.rabbitmq.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @ClassName DirectConfig
* @Description TODO direct 交換機配置類
* @Author 聽秋
* @Date 2022/6/17 16:30
* @Version 1.0
**/
@Configuration
public class ExchangeConfig {
/**
* 創(chuàng)建 direct 隊列
* */
@Bean
Queue DirectQueue01() {
return new Queue("DirectQueue-01",true);
}
/**
* 創(chuàng)建 direct 交換機
* */
@Bean
DirectExchange DirectExchange01() {
return new DirectExchange("DirectExchange-01");
}
/**
* 綁定 direct 隊列和交換機
* */
@Bean
Binding bindingDirect01() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(DirectQueue01()).to(DirectExchange01()).with("DirectRouting01");
}
}自定義消息發(fā)送確認的回調(公共部分)
package com.mq.rabbitmq.callback;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.ReturnedMessage;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
/**
* @ClassName MyConfirmCallback
* @Description TODO 自定義消息發(fā)送確認的回調
* @Author 聽秋
* @Date 2022/6/21 19:12
* @Version 1.0
**/
@Component
public class MyConfirmCallback implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback, RabbitTemplate.ReturnsCallback {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
/**
* PostConstruct: 用于在依賴關系注入完成之后需要執(zhí)行的方法上,以執(zhí)行任何初始化
*/
@PostConstruct
public void init() {
// 指定 ConfirmCallback
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
// 指定 ReturnCallback
rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(this);
}
/**
* Confirmation callback.
*
* 確認消息是否成功到達交換機中,不管是否到達交換機,該回調都會執(zhí)行
* 生產者 → 交換機
*/
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
System.out.println("發(fā)布消息的UUID為:" + correlationData.getId());
if (ack) {
System.out.println("消息發(fā)布成功!");
} else {
System.out.println("消息發(fā)布失??!失敗原因是:" + cause);
}
}
/**
* Returned message callback.
*
* 確認消息是否從交換機成功到達隊列中,失敗將會執(zhí)行,成功則不執(zhí)行
* 交換機 → 隊列
*/
@Override
public void returnedMessage(ReturnedMessage returned) {
System.out.println("ReturnsCallback 回調內容:" + returned);
}
}創(chuàng)建生產者(公共部分)
package com.mq.rabbitmq.controller;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageDeliveryMode;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePostProcessor;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.UUID;
/**
* @ClassName DirectController
* @Description TODO
* @Author 聽秋
* @Date 2022/6/17 16:48
* @Version 1.0
**/
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class QueueController {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
/**
* 消息冪等性
* */
@GetMapping("/sendMessage")
public void sendMessage(String msg, String routingKey, String id) {
MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
messageProperties.setMessageId(id);
messageProperties.setContentType("text/plain");
messageProperties.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
Message message = new Message(msg.getBytes(), messageProperties);
log.info("生產消息:" + message.toString());
// 消息發(fā)送確認回調
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("DirectExchange-01", routingKey, message, correlationData);
}
}發(fā)送消息
控制臺

RabbitMQ 隊列

創(chuàng)建消費者
package com.mq.rabbitmq.controller;
import cn.hutool.core.util.ObjectUtil;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.mq.rabbitmq.vo.MessageIdempotent;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
/**
* @ClassName DirectReceiver
* @Description TODO
* @Author 聽秋
* @Date 2022/6/21 10:40
* @Version 1.0
**/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class Consumer {
@Autowired
private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
/**
* 基于本地消息表實現消息冪等性
* @param message
*/
@RabbitListener(queues = "DirectQueue-01")
public void receiveMessage02(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
String messageId = message.getMessageProperties().getMessageId();
String messageContent = new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
MessageIdempotent messageIdempotent = new MessageIdempotent();
QueryWrapper<MessageIdempotent> queryWrapper = new QueryWrapper<>();
queryWrapper.eq("message_id", messageId);
MessageIdempotent msg = messageIdempotent.selectOne(queryWrapper);
if (ObjectUtil.isNull(msg)) {
messageIdempotent.setMessageId(messageId);
messageIdempotent.setMessageContent(messageContent);
messageIdempotent.insert();
log.info("DirectQueue-01-消費者收到消息,消息ID:" + messageId + " 消息內容:" + messageContent);
// 消息確認
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
} else {
log.info("消息 " + messageId + " 已經消費過!");
}
}消費消息
控制臺

RabbitMQ 隊列

數據庫

基于 Redis 實現消息冪等性
發(fā)送消息
控制臺

RabbitMQ 隊列

創(chuàng)建消費者
package com.mq.rabbitmq.controller;
import cn.hutool.core.util.ObjectUtil;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.mq.rabbitmq.vo.MessageIdempotent;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
/**
* @ClassName DirectReceiver
* @Description TODO
* @Author 聽秋
* @Date 2022/6/21 10:40
* @Version 1.0
**/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class Consumer {
@Autowired
private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
/**
* 基于 redis 實現消息冪等性
* @param message
*/
//@RabbitHandler
//@RabbitListener(queues = "DirectQueue-01")
public void receiveMessage01(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
String messageId = message.getMessageProperties().getMessageId();
String messageContent = new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
// 消息不存在則創(chuàng)建,返回 true
Boolean exist = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(messageId, messageContent);
if (!exist) {
log.info("消息 " + messageId + " 已經消費過");
} else {
// 消息確認
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
log.info("DirectQueue-01-消費者收到消息,消息ID:" + messageId + " 消息內容:" + messageContent);
}
}
}消費消息
控制臺

RabbitMQ 隊列

Redis

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