在SpringBoot中如何使用HttpClient實現(xiàn)HTTP請求
更新時間：2025年02月07日 09:57:00 作者：sco5282
本文介紹了如何使用Apache?HttpClient來訪問HTTP協(xié)議的資源,并提供了詳細的使用示例,包括GET和POST請求的無參和有參調用
SpringBoot使用HttpClient實現(xiàn)HTTP請求
越來越多的 Java 應用程序需要直接通過 HTTP 協(xié)議來訪問網(wǎng)絡資源。雖然在 JDK 的 java.net 包中已經提供了訪問 HTTP 協(xié)議的基本功能，但是對于大部分應用程序來說，JDK 庫本身提供的功能還不夠豐富和靈活。
HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common 下的子項目，用來提供高效的、最新的、功能豐富的支持 HTTP 協(xié)議的客戶端編程工具包，并且它支持 HTTP 協(xié)議最新的版本和建議。
新建一個 SpringBoot 工程，引入 httpclient 的 POM 依賴：
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.6</version> </dependency>
總結：
public class HttpClientUtil {
// GET請求
public static String get(String url, JSONObject params) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
String sendUrl = url;
// 拼接參數(shù)
if (Objects.nonNull(params) && params.size() > 0) {
sendUrl = connectParams(url, params);
}
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(sendUrl);
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();
if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() && null != httpEntity) {
return EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
close(httpClient, response);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
throw new JeecgBootException("調用GET請求失??！");
}
/**
* @Description: POST 請求
* @Author: zzc
* @Date: 2022-12-16 16:48
* @param url:
* @param params:
* @param requestBody: json 串
* @return: java.lang.String
**/
public static String post(String url, JSONObject params, String requestBody) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
String sendUrl = url;
// 1.拼接參數(shù)
if (Objects.nonNull(params) && params.size() > 0) {
sendUrl = connectParams(url, params);
}
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(sendUrl);
httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 2.設置request-body
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(requestBody)) {
ByteArrayEntity entity = new ByteArrayEntity(requestBody.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
entity.setContentType("application/json");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
}
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();
if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() && null != httpEntity) {
return EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity);
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
close(httpClient, response);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
throw new JeecgBootException("調用POST請求失??！");
}
private static String connectParams(String url, JSONObject params) {
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
buffer.append(url).append("?");
params.forEach((x, y) -> buffer.append(x).append("=").append(y).append("&"));
buffer.deleteCharAt(buffer.length() - 1);
return buffer.toString();
}
public static void close(CloseableHttpClient httpClient, CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse) throws IOException{
if (null != httpClient) {
httpClient.close();
}
if (null != httpResponse) {
httpResponse.close();
}
}
}
詳細使用示例
GET 無參
調用接口：
http://localhost:8080/http/listUsers
沒有入?yún)ⅰ?/p>
HttpClientController#doGetNoParams()：GET請求接口不帶參數(shù)
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/httpClient")
public class HttpClientController {
@Autowired
private HttpClientService httpClientService;
// GET請求接口不帶參數(shù)
@GetMapping("/doGetNoParams")
public String doGetNoParams() {
return httpClientService.doGetNoParams();
}
}HttpClientServiceImpl#doGetNoParams()：GET 請求接口不帶參數(shù)
@Slf4j
@Service
public class HttpClientServiceImpl implements HttpClientService {
// GET請求接口不帶參數(shù)
@Override
public String doGetNoParams() {
String result = HttpClientUtil.doGetNoParams();
log.info("【發(fā)送GET請求】返回結果為：{}", result);
if (!StringUtil.isBlank(result)) {
TaskCenterUtil taskCenterUtil = TaskCenterUtil.getTaskCenterUtil();
taskCenterUtil.submitTask(() -> {
log.info("【子線程】開啟了一個新線程，當前線程名為：{}", Thread.currentThread().getName());
return null;
});
}
log.info("【主線程】當前線程名為：{}", Thread.currentThread().getName());
return result;
}
}說明：
- 當 HTTP 調用成功后，通過線程池開一個子線程，去異步執(zhí)行任務；主線程繼續(xù)向下執(zhí)行
HttpClientUtil#doGetNoParams()：GET請求接口不帶參數(shù)
@Slf4j
public class HttpClientUtil {
// 服務器ip
public static final String IP = "http://localhost";
// 端口
public static final String PORT = ":8080";
// GET請求接口不帶參數(shù)
public static final String GET_URL_NO_PARAMS = IP + PORT + "/http/listUsers";
// GET請求接口不帶參數(shù)
public static String doGetNoParams() {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
// 創(chuàng)建 GET 請求
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(GET_URL_NO_PARAMS);
httpGet.setHeader("Accept-Encoding", "identity");
log.info("【發(fā)送GET請求】請求地址為：{}", GET_URL_NO_PARAMS);
CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null;
try {
httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
log.info("【發(fā)送GET請求】成功，相應狀態(tài)為：{}", httpResponse.getStatusLine());
if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() && null != httpEntity) {
String result = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity);
log.info("【發(fā)送GET請求】成功，響應內容為：{}", result);
return result;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("【發(fā)送GET請求】失敗，執(zhí)行發(fā)送請求時，出現(xiàn)IO異常，異常信息為：{}", e);
return null;
} finally {
try {
close(httpClient, httpResponse);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("【發(fā)送GET請求】失敗，關閉流時，出現(xiàn)IO異常，異常信息為：{}", e);
}
}
return null;
}
}說明：
- 通過類
HttpGet發(fā)起 GET 請求。
HttpGet：有 3 個構造方法
public class HttpGet extends HttpRequestBase {
public HttpGet() {
}
public HttpGet(URI uri) {
this.setURI(uri);
}
public HttpGet(String uri) {
this.setURI(URI.create(uri));
}
...
}這里使用了 public HttpGet(String uri); 方式來構造 HttpGet 實例。
HttpClientUtil#close()：關閉流
// 關閉流
public static void close(CloseableHttpClient httpClient, CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse) throws IOException{
if (null != httpClient) {
httpClient.close();
}
if (null != httpResponse) {
httpResponse.close();
}
}TaskCenterUtil：線程池工具類
public class TaskCenterUtil {
public static Integer CORE_POOL_SIZE = 10;
public static Integer MAX_NUM_POOL_SIZE = 10;
public static Integer MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE = 100;
public static Long KEEP_ALIVE_TIME = 60L;
private ThreadPoolExecutor poolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAX_NUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE_TIME,
TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE), new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
private TaskCenterUtil() {}
private static TaskCenterUtil taskCenterUtil = new TaskCenterUtil();
public static TaskCenterUtil getTaskCenterUtil() {
return taskCenterUtil;
}
// 提交任務
public void submitTask(Callable task) {
poolExecutor.submit(task);
}
}POSTMAN 調用：
控制臺打印日志：
GET 有參
- 方式一：使用
public HttpGet(String uri);方式來構造HttpGet實例。即：使用 url 字符串來拼接參數(shù)。 - 方式二：使用
public HttpGet(URI uri);方式來構造HttpGet實例。
調用接口：
http://localhost:8080/http/getUserById?id=1
入?yún)ⅲ?/p>
id=1
HttpClientController#doGetParams()：GET請求接口帶參數(shù)
@GetMapping("/doGetParams")
public String doGetParams(String id) {
return httpClientService.doGetParams(id);
}HttpClientServiceImpl：
@Override
public String doGetParams(String id) {
String result = HttpClientUtil.doGetParams(id);
log.info("【發(fā)送GET請求】返回結果為：{}", result);
return result;
}HttpClientUtil#doGetParams()：GET請求接口帶參數(shù)
@Slf4j
public class HttpClientUtil {
// GET請求接口帶參數(shù)
public static final String GET_URL_PARAMS = IP + PORT + "/http/getUserById";
// 入?yún)⒚Q
public static final String URL_PARAMS_ID = "id";
// http 協(xié)議
public static final String SCHEME_HTTP = "http";
// 主機
public static final String LOCAL_HOST = "localhost";
// 請求接口路徑
public static final String GET_URL_PARAMS_PATH = "/http/getUserById";
// 端口
public static final Integer LOCAL_PORT = 8080;
// GET請求接口帶參數(shù)
public static String doGetParams(String id) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
// 不同方式獲取 HttpGet
// 方式一：
HttpGet httpGet = getStrHttpGet(GET_URL_PARAMS, id);
// 方式二：
//HttpGet httpGet = getUrlHttpGet(id);
// 獲取請求頭配置信息
RequestConfig requestConfig = HttpClientConfig.getRequestConfig();
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();
log.info("【發(fā)送GET請求】成功，相應狀態(tài)為：{}", response.getStatusLine());
if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() && null != httpEntity) {
String result = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity);
log.info("【發(fā)送GET請求】成功，響應內容為：{}", result);
return result;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("【發(fā)送GET請求】失敗，執(zhí)行發(fā)送請求時，出現(xiàn)IO異常，異常信息為：{}", e);
return null;
} finally {
try {
close(httpClient, response);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("【發(fā)送GET請求】失敗，關閉流時，出現(xiàn)IO異常，異常信息為：{}", e);
}
}
return null;
}
}getStrHttpGet()：方式一：url拼接參數(shù)
public static HttpGet getStrHttpGet(String url, String id) {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
// url 拼接參數(shù) /http/getUserById?id=1
String strUrl = builder.append(url).append("?").append(URL_PARAMS_ID).append("=").append(id).toString();
log.info("【發(fā)送GET請求】請求地址為：{}", strUrl);
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(strUrl);
return httpGet;
}getUrlHttpGet()：方式二：URI對象
public static HttpGet getUrlHttpGet(String id) {
// 將參數(shù)鍵值對放入集合中
List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<>();
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair(URL_PARAMS_ID, id));
try {
URI uri = new URIBuilder()
.setScheme(SCHEME_HTTP)
.setHost(LOCAL_HOST)
.setPort(LOCAL_PORT)
.setPath(GET_URL_PARAMS_PATH)
.setParameters(params).build();
return new HttpGet(uri);
} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
log.error("【發(fā)送GET請求】構建URI失敗，失敗信息為：{}", e);
}
return null;
}說明：
- 方式一是使用
public HttpGet(String uri);方式來構造HttpGet實例 - 方式二是使用
public HttpGet(URL uri);方式來構造HttpGet實例。即：使用 url 字符串來拼接參數(shù)。
POSTMAN 調用：
POST 無參
調用接口：
http://localhost:8080/http/listUserList
入?yún)ⅲ簾o
HttpClientController#doPostNoParams()：POST請求接口不帶參數(shù)
@PostMapping("/doPostNoParams")
public String doPostNoParams() {
return httpClientService.doPostNoParams();
}HttpClientServiceImpl#doPostNoParams()：
@Override
public String doPostNoParams() {
String result = HttpClientUtil.doPostNoParams();
log.info("【發(fā)送POST請求】返回結果為：{}", result);
return result;
}HttpClientUtil：
public class HttpClientUtil {
// POST請求接口不帶參數(shù)
public static final String POST_URL_NO_PARAMS = IP + PORT + "/http/listUserList";
// POST請求接口帶參數(shù)
public static final String POST_URL_PARAMS = IP + PORT + "/http/getUserVoById";
// POST請求接口帶參數(shù) -- 對象參數(shù)
public static final String POST_URL_PARAMS_OBJECT = IP + PORT + "/http/listUsers";
// POST請求接口不帶參數(shù)
public static String doPostNoParams() {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(POST_URL_NO_PARAMS);
log.info("【發(fā)送POST請求】請求地址為：{}", POST_URL_NO_PARAMS);
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();
log.info("【發(fā)送POST請求】成功，相應狀態(tài)為：{}", response.getStatusLine());
if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() && null != httpEntity) {
String result = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity);
log.info("【發(fā)送POST請求】成功，響應內容為：{}", result);
return result;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("【發(fā)送POST請求】失敗，執(zhí)行發(fā)送請求時，出現(xiàn)IO異常，異常信息為：{}", e);
return null;
} finally {
try {
close(httpClient, response);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("【發(fā)送POST請求】失敗，關閉流時，出現(xiàn)IO異常，異常信息為：{}", e);
}
}
return null;
}
}POST 有參
- 參數(shù)是：普通參數(shù)。方式與GET一樣即可，直接在 url 后綴上拼接參數(shù)
- 參數(shù)是：對象。將參數(shù)以請求體 request-body 的方式進行請求
- 參數(shù)是：普通參數(shù)+對象。普通參數(shù) 直接在 url 后綴上拼接參數(shù)；對象 以請求體 request-body 的方式進行請求
普通參數(shù)
請求接口：
http://localhost:8080/http/getUserVoById?id=1
對象參數(shù)
請求接口：
http://localhost:8080/http/listUsers
入?yún)?UserVo：
{
"id": 1
}即：這個接口可以隨便寫
@PostMapping("/listUsers")
public List<UserVo> listUsers(@RequestBody UserVo userVo) {
return httpService.listUsers();
}HttpClientController#doPostParams()：POST請求接口帶參數(shù)
@PostMapping("/doPostParams")
public String doPostParams(String id) {
return httpClientService.doPostParams(id);
}HttpClientServiceImpl#doPostParams()：
@Override
public String doPostParams(String id) {
String result = HttpClientUtil.doPostParams(id);
log.info("【發(fā)送POST請求】返回結果為：{}", result);
return result;
}HttpClientUtil#doPostParams()：
public static String doPostParams(String id) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
// 參數(shù)是普通參數(shù)
HttpPost httpPost = getStrHttpPost(POST_URL_PARAMS, id);
// 參數(shù)是對象
//HttpPost httpPost = getObjectHttpPost(id);
// 設置ContentType(注:如果只是傳普通參數(shù)的話,ContentType不一定非要用application/json)
httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();
log.info("【發(fā)送POST請求】成功，相應狀態(tài)為：{}", response.getStatusLine());
if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() && null != httpEntity) {
String result = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity);
log.info("【發(fā)送POST請求】成功，響應內容為：{}", result);
return result;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("【發(fā)送POST請求】失敗，執(zhí)行發(fā)送請求時，出現(xiàn)IO異常，異常信息為：{}", e);
return null;
} finally {
try {
close(httpClient, response);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("【發(fā)送POST請求】失敗，關閉流時，出現(xiàn)IO異常，異常信息為：{}", e);
}
}
return null;
}getStrHttpPost()：POST請求有參：普通參數(shù)
public static HttpPost getStrHttpPost(String url, String id) {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
// url 拼接參數(shù) /http/getUserVoById?id=1
String strUrl = builder.append(url).append("?").append(URL_PARAMS_ID).append("=").append(id).toString();
log.info("【發(fā)送POST請求】請求地址為：{}", strUrl);
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(strUrl);
return httpPost;
}getObjectHttpPost()：POST請求有參：對象參數(shù)
public static HttpPost getObjectHttpPost(String id) {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(POST_URL_PARAMS_OBJECT);
log.info("【發(fā)送POST請求】請求地址為：{}", POST_URL_PARAMS_OBJECT);
UserVo userVo = new UserVo();
userVo.setId(id);
// 將JAVA對象轉換為Json字符串
String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(userVo);
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(jsonString, "UTF-8");
// post請求是將參數(shù)放在請求體里面?zhèn)鬟^去的
httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
return httpPost;
}普通參數(shù) + 對象
// params：name=zzc&age=17 marshal:json 串
public static String post(String url, String params, String marshal) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
String strUrl = url + "?" + params;
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(strUrl);
httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 設置 requst-body 參數(shù)
ByteArrayEntity entity = new ByteArrayEntity(marshal.getBytes("UTF-8"));
entity.setContentType("application/json");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();
if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() && null != httpEntity) {
String result = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity);
return result;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
close(httpClient, response);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return null;
}表單提交
public static String post(String url, Map<String, String> params) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
// 參數(shù)
List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<>();
if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(params)) {
params.forEach((x, y) -> {
nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(x, y));
});
}
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs));
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();
if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() && null != httpEntity) {
return EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
close(httpClient, response);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
throw new JeecgBootException("調用accessToken API失敗");
}總結
以上為個人經驗，希望能給大家一個參考，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
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