<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.13</version>
</dependency>

@Configuration
public class HttpPoolConfig {
    
    @Bean
    public CloseableHttpClient httpClient() {
        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = 
            new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
        
        // 全局最大連接數(shù)
        cm.setMaxTotal(200); 
        // 單個路由最大連接數(shù)
        cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(50);
        // 空閑連接存活時間（秒）
        cm.setValidateAfterInactivity(30_000);

        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                .setConnectTimeout(5000)
                .setSocketTimeout(10000)
                .build();
        return HttpClients.custom()
                .setConnectionManager(cm)
                .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)
                .build();
    }

???????    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate(new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(httpClient()));
    }
}

@Bean
public OkHttpClient okHttpClient() {
    return new OkHttpClient.Builder()
        .connectionPool(new ConnectionPool(100, 5, TimeUnit.MINUTES))
        .connectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(5))
        .readTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(10))
        .retryOnConnectionFailure(true)
        .build();
}

// 獲取連接池狀態(tài)
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager mgr = 
    (PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager) httpClient.getConnectionManager();
System.out.println("可用連接：" + mgr.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
System.out.println("租用連接：" + mgr.getTotalStats().getLeased());

try {
    // 業(yè)務(wù)請求
} catch (ConnectTimeoutException e) {
    // 連接超時處理
} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
    // 讀寫超時處理
} finally {
    // 確保釋放連接
}

@PreDestroy
public void destroy() {
    httpClient.close();
}

@Bean
public WebClient webClient() {
    return WebClient.builder()
        .clientConnector(new ReactorClientHttpConnector(
            HttpClient.create()
                .baseUrl("http://api.service")
                .responseTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(5))
                .runOn(LoopResources.create("http-loop", 4, true))
        ))
        .build();
}