spring-data-jpa+Alibaba Druid多數(shù)據(jù)源案例實(shí)踐

更新時(shí)間：2025年07月14日 09:47:27 作者：勤匠

本文介紹基于Spring Data JPA與Alibaba Druid配置多數(shù)據(jù)源的方案,通過(guò)定義三個(gè)獨(dú)立數(shù)據(jù)源、分別設(shè)置JPA配置及實(shí)體/倉(cāng)庫(kù)包,實(shí)現(xiàn)訂單、用戶、詳情表的分離管理

spring-data-jpa+Alibaba Druid多數(shù)據(jù)源

很多情況下，應(yīng)用需要連接多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，基于此場(chǎng)景，我介紹如何使用spring-data-jpa + Alibaba Druid配置多數(shù)據(jù)源。

代碼量有點(diǎn)大，請(qǐng)耐心：

假設(shè)一個(gè)場(chǎng)景

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)	表	服務(wù)器IP	占用端口
test	orders（訂單表）	192.168.10.31	3306
demo	detail（詳情表）	192.168.10.32	3306
train	users（用戶表）	192.168.10.33	3306

pom.xml引入

<!--連接池-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.8</version>
</dependency>
<!--數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)驅(qū)動(dòng)-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring data jpa-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.yaml配置

server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  datasource:
    ds1:
      url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.10.31:3306/test
      username: root
      password: 123456
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    ds2:
      url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.10.33:3306/train
      username: root
      password: 123456
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    ds3:
      url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.10.32:3306/demo
      username: root
      password: 123456
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

DataSource配置

為了讓spring-data-jpa分別使用這三個(gè)庫(kù)，那么我們需要配置3個(gè)datasource

package cn.train.springdruid.config.datasource;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import com.alibaba.druid.spring.boot.autoconfigure.DruidDataSourceBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
/**
 * 多數(shù)據(jù)源配置
 * */
@Configuration
public class DataSourcesConfig {
    @Bean(name = {"ds1"})
    @Primary
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.ds1")
    public DataSource ds1() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build();
        return dataSource;
    }
    @Bean(name = {"ds2"})
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.ds2")
    public DataSource ds2() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build();
        return dataSource;
    }
    @Bean(name = {"ds3"})
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.ds3")
    public DataSource ds3() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build();
        return dataSource;
    }
}

JPA配置

接下來(lái)針對(duì)每個(gè)datasource做單獨(dú)的JPA配置

ds1的JPA配置

package cn.train.springdruid.config.datasource;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaVendorAdapter;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.Properties;

@Configuration(value = "ds1JPAConfig")
@EnableJpaRepositories(
        basePackages = "cn.train.springdruid.repositories.ds1",//repository包位置
        entityManagerFactoryRef = "ds1EntityManagerFactory",
        transactionManagerRef = "ds1TransactionManager"
)
public class Ds1JPAConfig {
    @Bean(name = {"ds1TransactionManager"})
    public PlatformTransactionManager ds1TransactionManager(
            @Qualifier("ds1EntityManagerFactory") EntityManagerFactory emf){
        return new JpaTransactionManager(emf);
    }
    @Bean(name = {"ds1EntityManagerFactory"})
    @Primary
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean ds1EntityManagerFactory(
            @Qualifier(value = "ds1") DataSource dataSource,
            JpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter) {
        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBean = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
        entityManagerFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaVendorAdapter(vendorAdapter);
        entityManagerFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan("cn.train.springdruid.entities.ds1");// entity包位置
        entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaProperties(
                new Properties(){{
                    put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "update");
                    put("hibernate.show_sql", "true");
                    put("hibernate.format_sql", "true");
                }}
        );
        return entityManagerFactoryBean;
    }
}

ds2的JPA配置

package cn.train.springdruid.config.datasource;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaVendorAdapter;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.Properties;

@Configuration(value = "ds2JPAConfig")
@EnableJpaRepositories(
        basePackages = "cn.train.springdruid.repositories.ds2",//repository包位置
        entityManagerFactoryRef = "ds2EntityManagerFactory",
        transactionManagerRef = "ds2TransactionManager"
)
public class Ds2JPAConfig {
    @Bean(name = {"ds2TransactionManager"})
    public PlatformTransactionManager ds2TransactionManager(
            @Qualifier("ds2EntityManagerFactory") EntityManagerFactory emf){
        return new JpaTransactionManager(emf);
    }
    @Bean(name = {"ds2EntityManagerFactory"})
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean ds2EntityManagerFactory(
            @Qualifier(value = "ds2") DataSource dataSource,
            JpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter) {
        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBean = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
        entityManagerFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaVendorAdapter(vendorAdapter);
        entityManagerFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan("cn.train.springdruid.entities.ds2");// entity包位置
        entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaProperties(
                new Properties(){{
                    put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "update");
                    put("hibernate.show_sql", "true");
                    put("hibernate.format_sql", "true");
                }}
        );
        return entityManagerFactoryBean;
    }
}

ds3的JPA配置

package cn.train.springdruid.config.datasource;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaVendorAdapter;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.Properties;

@Configuration(value = "ds3JPAConfig")
@EnableJpaRepositories(
        basePackages = "cn.train.springdruid.repositories.ds3",//repository包位置
        entityManagerFactoryRef = "ds3EntityManagerFactory",
        transactionManagerRef = "ds3TransactionManager"
)
public class Ds3JPAConfig {
    @Bean(name = {"ds3TransactionManager"})
    public PlatformTransactionManager ds3TransactionManager(
            @Qualifier("ds3EntityManagerFactory") EntityManagerFactory emf){
        return new JpaTransactionManager(emf);
    }
    @Bean(name = {"ds3EntityManagerFactory"})
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean ds3EntityManagerFactory(
            @Qualifier(value = "ds3") DataSource dataSource,
            JpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter) {
        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBean = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
        entityManagerFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaVendorAdapter(vendorAdapter);
        entityManagerFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan("cn.train.springdruid.entities.ds3");// entity包位置
        entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaProperties(
                new Properties(){{
                    put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "update");
                    put("hibernate.show_sql", "true");
                    put("hibernate.format_sql", "true");
                }}
        );
        return entityManagerFactoryBean;
    }
}

ds1的repository包為：cn.train.springdruid.repositories.ds1，其中是OrderRepository

import cn.train.springdruid.entities.ds1.Order;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository(value = "orderRepository")
public interface OrderRepository extends JpaRepository<Order, Long> {
}

ds2的repository包為：cn.train.springdruid.repositories.ds2，其中是UserRepository

package cn.train.springdruid.repositories.ds2;

import cn.train.springdruid.entities.ds2.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository(value = "userRepository")
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
}

ds3的repository包為：cn.train.springdruid.repositories.ds3，其中是DetailRepository

package cn.train.springdruid.repositories.ds3;

import cn.train.springdruid.entities.ds3.Detail;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository(value = "detailRepository")
public interface DetailRepository extends JpaRepository<Detail, Long> {
}

entity

ds1的entity包為：cn.train.springdruid.entities.ds1，其中是Order

package cn.train.springdruid.entities.ds1;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Entity
@Table(name = "orders")
public class Order {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @Column(name = "order_name")
    private String name;

    @Column(name = "order_price")
    private Integer price;
}

ds2的entity包為：cn.train.springdruid.entities.ds2，其中是：User

package cn.train.springdruid.entities.ds2;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Entity
@Table(name = "users")
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @Column(name = "user_name")
    private String name;

    @Column(name = "user_age")
    private Integer age;
}

ds3的entity包為：cn.train.springdruid.entities.ds3，其中是：Detail

package cn.train.springdruid.entities.ds3;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Entity
@Table(name = "detail")
public class Detail {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE)
    private Long id;
    
    @Column(name = "description")
    private String description;
}

由此，就是整個(gè)多數(shù)據(jù)源配置與管理的全部核心代碼