# 使用hash()函數(shù)計(jì)算哈希值
hash_value1 = hash(42)
hash_value2 = hash("Hello, Python!")
hash_value3 = hash((1, 2, 3))
print(f"Hash value of 42: {hash_value1}")
print(f"Hash value of 'Hello, Python!': {hash_value2}")
print(f"Hash value of (1, 2, 3): {hash_value3}")

import hashlib

data = "Hello, MD5!"
# 創(chuàng)建MD5對象
md5_obj = hashlib.md5()
# 更新哈希對象以使用字符串
md5_obj.update(data.encode())
# 獲取MD5哈希值
md5_hash = md5_obj.hexdigest()
print(f"MD5 Hash of '{data}': {md5_hash}")

data = "Hello, SHA-256!"
# 創(chuàng)建SHA-256對象
sha256_obj = hashlib.sha256()
# 更新哈希對象以使用字符串
sha256_obj.update(data.encode())
# 獲取SHA-256哈希值
sha256_hash = sha256_obj.hexdigest()
print(f"SHA-256 Hash of '{data}': {sha256_hash}")

# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)字典
person = {
    "name": "John Doe",
    "age": 30,
    "email": "john@example.com"
}
# 添加新的鍵值對
person["city"] = "New York"
# 獲取鍵對應(yīng)的值
print("Name:", person["name"])
print("Age:", person["age"])
print("Email:", person["email"])
print("City:", person.get("city", "City not found"))
# 刪除鍵值對
del person["email"]
# 檢查鍵是否存在
if "email" in person:
    print("Email found.")
else:
    print("Email not found.")

import hashlib
def calculate_hash(data):
    # 創(chuàng)建SHA-256對象
    sha256_obj = hashlib.sha256()
    # 更新哈希對象以使用數(shù)據(jù)
    sha256_obj.update(data)
    # 獲取SHA-256哈希值
    return sha256_obj.digest()
    # 原始數(shù)據(jù)
original_data = b"Hello, Hash!"
# 計(jì)算原始數(shù)據(jù)的哈希值
original_hash = calculate_hash(original_data)
# 模擬數(shù)據(jù)傳輸或存儲過程中數(shù)據(jù)被篡改
tampered_data = b"Hello, Tampered Hash!"
# 計(jì)算篡改后數(shù)據(jù)的哈希值
tampered_hash = calculate_hash(tampered_data)
# 對比哈希值
if original_hash == tampered_hash:
    print("Data integrity verified: Data is unchanged.")
else:
    print("Data integrity compromised: Data has been tampered with.")

# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)哈希集合
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "orange", "apple", "grape"}
print("Fruits:", fruits)  # 輸出：{'orange', 'banana', 'grape', 'apple'}

import hashlib
def hash_password(password):
    # 創(chuàng)建SHA-256對象
    sha256_obj = hashlib.sha256()
    # 更新哈希對象以使用密碼
    sha256_obj.update(password.encode())
    # 獲取SHA-256哈希值
    return sha256_obj.hexdigest()
    # 用戶注冊時(shí)設(shè)置密碼
user_password = "my_secret_password"
hashed_password = hash_password(user_password)
# 模擬登錄驗(yàn)證
input_password = input("Enter your password: ")
input_hashed_password = hash_password(input_password)
if input_hashed_password == hashed_password:
    print("Login successful.")
else:
    print("Invalid password. Please try again.")

import hashlib
def calculate_file_hash(file_path):
    # 創(chuàng)建SHA-256對象
    sha256_obj = hashlib.sha256()
    # 以二進(jìn)制方式讀取文件內(nèi)容，避免文本編碼問題
    with open(file_path, "rb") as file:
        while chunk := file.read(8192):  # 每次讀取8KB數(shù)據(jù)
            sha256_obj.update(chunk)
            # 獲取文件的SHA-256哈希值
    return sha256_obj.hexdigest()
def is_file_duplicate(file_path, known_hashes):
    file_hash = calculate_file_hash(file_path)
    return file_hash in known_hashes
    # 已知的Hash值集合，用于存儲之前上傳文件的Hash值
known_hashes = set()
# 假設(shè)用戶上傳了兩個(gè)文本文件
file1_path = "path/to/uploaded_file1.txt"
file2_path = "path/to/uploaded_file2.txt"
# 檢查文件1是否重復(fù)
if is_file_duplicate(file1_path, known_hashes):
    print("File 1 is a duplicate.")
else:
    print("File 1 is unique.")
    known_hashes.add(calculate_file_hash(file1_path))
    # 檢查文件2是否重復(fù)
if is_file_duplicate(file2_path, known_hashes):
    print("File 2 is a duplicate.")
else:
    print("File 2 is unique.")
    known_hashes.add(calculate_file_hash(file2_path))