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Python添加時(shí)間軸以實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)繪圖詳解

更新時(shí)間：2023年09月17日 09:09:21 作者：微小冷

這篇文章主要為大家詳細(xì)介紹了Python如何添加時(shí)間軸以實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)繪圖,文中的示例代碼講解詳細(xì),具有一定的學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值,感興趣的小伙伴可以參考一下

時(shí)間軸

三維并不是人類理解的極限，畢竟我們生活在思維時(shí)空中。所以接下來(lái)要做的，就是四維圖形——加一個(gè)時(shí)間軸。

實(shí)際上，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)建之初就已經(jīng)考慮到動(dòng)圖繪制的問(wèn)題，畢竟默認(rèn)的繪圖坐標(biāo)是txyz。但是，如果想實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)圖繪制，就必須要先設(shè)置一個(gè)額外的線程，用于動(dòng)態(tài)更新圖像，否則繪圖循環(huán)壓迫主進(jìn)程，會(huì)導(dǎo)致界面變得奇卡無(wú)比。

接下來(lái)，就開始實(shí)現(xiàn)繪制動(dòng)圖的需求，第一步，繪制UI。先在setFrmCtrl中添加

# 動(dòng)畫控制
frm = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl, width=320)
frm.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
self.setAnimateFrame(frm)

然后實(shí)現(xiàn)具體的self.setAnimateFrame

def setAnimateFrame(self, frm):
    pDct = dict(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.X, padx=2)
    self.aniDelay = tk.StringVar()
    self.aniDelay.set(100)
    ttk.Label(frm, text="延時(shí)/毫秒").pack(**pDct)
    ttk.Entry(frm, width=5, textvariable=self.aniDelay).pack(**pDct)
    self.aniFrameNum = tk.StringVar()
    self.aniFrameNum.set(100)
    ttk.Label(frm, text="幀數(shù)").pack(**pDct)
    ttk.Entry(frm, width=5, textvariable=self.aniFrameNum).pack(**pDct)
    self.tIndex = 0   # 當(dāng)前幀數(shù)
    ttk.Button(frm, width=3, text=  "?", 
        command=self.btnPreFrame).pack(**pDct)
    ttk.Button(frm, width=3, text="?", 
        command=self.btnAniStart).pack(**pDct)
    ttk.Button(frm, width=3, text="?", 
        command=self.btnNextFrame).pack(**pDct)
def btnAniStart(self): pass
def btnPreFrame(self): pass
def btnNextFrame(self): pass

延時(shí)表示當(dāng)自動(dòng)繪制動(dòng)圖時(shí)，兩幀間隔時(shí)間；幀數(shù)表示總共繪制的時(shí)間個(gè)數(shù)。三個(gè)按鈕，分別用于向前一幀、向后一幀以及動(dòng)態(tài)播放。

單幀跳轉(zhuǎn)

坐標(biāo)t的工作原理和xyz并不相同，畢竟每次調(diào)用時(shí)間參數(shù)的時(shí)候，都只需要調(diào)用某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)間。所以，現(xiàn)有的設(shè)置坐標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)的方法就不適用了，需要更改readDatas函數(shù)

# 讀取坐標(biāo)軸al的數(shù)據(jù)
def readDatas(self, al):
    dct = {}
    data = {}
    for flag in self.drawTypeDim.getDim():
        data[flag] = al.setData(flag, **dct)
        if flag=='t': 
            dct['t'] = data['t'][self.tIndex]
        else:
            dct[flag] = data[flag]
    return data

然后再更新一下繪圖函數(shù)：其實(shí)只是取消t作為繪圖坐標(biāo)軸的地位

def btnDrawImg(self):
    self.fig.clf()
    self.axDct = {}
    for al in self.als:
        ax = self.setDrawAxis(al)
        data = self.readDatas(al)
        draw = self.drawDct[al.getDrawType()]
        style = al.getStyle()
        keys = al.getDrawDim().replace('t',"")
        draw(ax, data, keys, style)
    self.fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.1, right=0.95, top=0.95, bottom=0.08)
    self.canvas.draw()

最后，實(shí)現(xiàn)一下btnNextFrame

def btnNextFrame(self): 
    num = int(self.aniFrameNum.get())
    self.tIndex = (self.tIndex + 1) % num
    self.btnDrawImg()

效果如下，至此，我們離自動(dòng)化動(dòng)態(tài)繪圖，只剩下一個(gè)多線程了。

源代碼

本文只更改了ds.py中的源代碼，其他代碼可查看這篇博客：定制風(fēng)格的繪圖系統(tǒng)

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename
import matplotlib
import matplotlib as mpl
mpl.use('TkAgg')
import matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg as mbb
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import numpy as np
from alist import AxisList
from base import DrawType
class DarwSystem():
    def __init__(self):
        self.root = tk.Tk()
        self.root.title("數(shù)據(jù)展示工具")
        self.data = {}
        self.als = []
        self.initConst()
        self.setFrmCtrl()
        frmFig = ttk.Frame(self.root)
        frmFig.pack(side=tk.LEFT,fill=tk.BOTH,expand=tk.YES)
        self.setFrmFig(frmFig)
        self.root.mainloop()
    def initConst(self):
        self.TYPES = ("點(diǎn)線圖", "散點(diǎn)圖", "條形圖")
        self.drawDct = {
            "點(diǎn)線圖" : self.drawPlot,
            "散點(diǎn)圖" : self.drawScatter,
            "條形圖" : self.drawBar
        }
    # ! 設(shè)置
    def setFrmCtrl(self):
        frmCtrl = ttk.Frame(self.root,width=320)
        frmCtrl.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)
        # 主控Frame
        frm = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl, width=320)
        frm.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
        self.setCtrlButtons(frm)
        # 動(dòng)畫控制
        frm = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl, width=320)
        frm.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
        self.setAnimateFrame(frm)
        self.frmAxis = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl)
        self.frmAxis.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
        self.addLast(None)
    # ! 工具欄
    def setCtrlButtons(self, frm):
        self.drawTypeDim = DrawType(frm)
        self.drawTypeDim.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        ttk.Button(frm, text="??",width=3,
            command=self.btnDrawImg).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        ttk.Button(frm, text="??",width=3,
            command=self.btnLoadData).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        btn = ttk.Button(frm, text="+", width=3)
        btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.addLast)
        btn = ttk.Button(frm, text="-", width=3)
        btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.deleteLast)
    # ! 動(dòng)畫控制
    def setAnimateFrame(self, frm):
        pDct = dict(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.X, padx=2)
        self.aniDelay = tk.IntVar()
        self.aniDelay.set(100)
        ttk.Label(frm, text="延時(shí)/毫秒").pack(**pDct)
        ttk.Entry(frm, width=5, textvariable=self.aniDelay).pack(**pDct)
        self.aniFrameNum = tk.IntVar()
        self.aniFrameNum.set(100)
        ttk.Label(frm, text="幀數(shù)").pack(**pDct)
        ttk.Entry(frm, width=5, textvariable=self.aniFrameNum).pack(**pDct)
        self.tIndex = 0   # 當(dāng)前幀數(shù)
        ttk.Button(frm, width=3, text=  "?", 
            command=self.btnPreFrame).pack(**pDct)
        ttk.Button(frm, width=3, text="?", 
            command=self.btnAniStart).pack(**pDct)
        ttk.Button(frm, width=3, text="?", 
            command=self.btnNextFrame).pack(**pDct)
    def btnAniStart(self): pass
    def btnPreFrame(self): pass
    def btnNextFrame(self): 
        num = self.aniFrameNum.get()
        self.tIndex = (self.tIndex + 1) % num
        self.btnDrawImg()
    # 添加一組坐標(biāo)系
    def addLast(self, evt):
        title = f"坐標(biāo){len(self.als)}"
        al = AxisList(self.frmAxis, title, 1, [5,10,30], 
            self.TYPES, self.drawTypeDim.getDct())
        al.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
        self.als.append(al)
    # 刪除一組坐標(biāo)系
    def deleteLast(self, evt):
        self.als[-1].pack_forget()
        del self.als[-1]
    # 加載數(shù)據(jù) // 暫時(shí)處于棄用狀態(tài)
    def btnLoadData(self):
        name = askopenfilename()
        data = np.genfromtxt(name)
        for i, flag in enumerate('xyz'):
            if i >= data.shape[1]:
                return
            self.AL.setOneMode(flag, "外部導(dǎo)入")
            self.data[flag] = self.AL.setData(flag, data = data[:,i])
    # 讀取坐標(biāo)軸al的數(shù)據(jù)
    def readDatas(self, al):
        dct = {}
        data = {}
        for flag in al.getDrawDim():
            data[flag] = al.setData(flag, **dct)
            if flag=='t': 
                dct['t'] = data['t'][self.tIndex]
            else:
                dct[flag] = data[flag]
        return data
    # 設(shè)置繪圖坐標(biāo)
    def setDrawAxis(self, al):
        sub = int(al.getSub())
        print(sub)
        if sub in self.axDct:
            return self.axDct[sub]
        p = al.getProj() 
        if p == "None":
            self.axDct[sub] = self.fig.add_subplot(sub)
        else:
            self.axDct[sub] = self.fig.add_subplot(sub, projection=p)
        return self.axDct[sub]
    # 單幀繪圖函數(shù)
    def btnDrawImg(self):
        self.fig.clf()
        self.axDct = {}
        for al in self.als:
            ax = self.setDrawAxis(al)
            data = self.readDatas(al)
            draw = self.drawDct[al.getDrawType()]
            style = al.getStyle()
            keys = al.getDrawDim().replace('t',"")
            draw(ax, data, keys, style)
        self.fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.1, right=0.95, top=0.95, bottom=0.08)
        self.canvas.draw()
    def drawBar(self, ax, data, keys, style):
        ax.bar(data['x'], data['y'])
    def drawPlot(self, ax, data, keys, style):
        ax.plot(*[data[key] for key in keys], **style)
    def drawScatter(self, ax, data, keys, style):
        ax.scatter(*[data[key] for key in keys])
    def setFrmFig(self, frmFig):
        self.fig = Figure()
        self.canvas = mbb.FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,frmFig)
        self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(
            side=tk.TOP,fill=tk.BOTH,expand=tk.YES)
        self.toolbar = mbb.NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas,frmFig,
            pack_toolbar=False)
        self.toolbar.update()
        self.toolbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    test = DarwSystem()

以上就是Python添加時(shí)間軸以實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)繪圖詳解的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，更多關(guān)于Python動(dòng)態(tài)繪圖的資料請(qǐng)關(guān)注腳本之家其它相關(guān)文章！

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