class Person:
    """父類(lèi)定義基礎(chǔ)name屬性"""
    def __init__(self, name):
        self._name = name
    
    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name
    
    @name.setter
    def name(self, value):
        if not isinstance(value, str):
            raise TypeError("姓名必須是字符串")
        self._name = value

class VerifiedPerson(Person):
    """子類(lèi)擴(kuò)展name屬性，添加額外驗(yàn)證"""
    def __init__(self, name):
        super().__init__(name)
    
    @property
    def name(self):
        # 在獲取時(shí)添加日志記錄
        print(f"訪問(wèn)姓名屬性: {self._name}")
        return super().name
    
    @name.setter
    def name(self, value):
        # 添加長(zhǎng)度驗(yàn)證
        if len(value) > 20:
            raise ValueError("姓名長(zhǎng)度不能超過(guò)20個(gè)字符")
        print(f"修改姓名: {self._name} -> {value}")
        super(VerifiedPerson, VerifiedPerson).name.__set__(self, value)

# 使用示例
person = VerifiedPerson("張三")
person.name = "李四"  # 輸出: 修改姓名: 張三 -> 李四
print(person.name)    # 輸出: 訪問(wèn)姓名屬性: 李四 \n 李四

class LoggedPerson(Person):
    """為屬性訪問(wèn)添加日志功能"""
    @property
    def name(self):
        print(f"[LOG] 獲取name屬性值: {self._name}")
        return super().name
    
    @name.setter
    def name(self, value):
        print(f"[LOG] 設(shè)置name屬性: {self._name} -> {value}")
        # 調(diào)用父類(lèi)的setter方法
        super(LoggedPerson, LoggedPerson).name.__set__(self, value)

# 使用示例
logged_person = LoggedPerson("王五")
logged_person.name = "趙六"  # 輸出: [LOG] 設(shè)置name屬性: 王五 -> 趙六

class LengthCheckedPerson(Person):
    """只擴(kuò)展setter方法，添加長(zhǎng)度檢查"""
    @Person.name.setter
    def name(self, value):
        if len(value) < 2:
            raise ValueError("姓名長(zhǎng)度至少2個(gè)字符")
        if len(value) > 20:
            raise ValueError("姓名長(zhǎng)度不能超過(guò)20個(gè)字符")
        super(LengthCheckedPerson, LengthCheckedPerson).name.__set__(self, value)

# 使用示例
checked_person = LengthCheckedPerson("小明")
try:
    checked_person.name = "A"  # 觸發(fā)長(zhǎng)度驗(yàn)證錯(cuò)誤
except ValueError as e:
    print(f"錯(cuò)誤: {e}")  # 輸出: 錯(cuò)誤: 姓名長(zhǎng)度至少2個(gè)字符

class ValidatedDescriptor:
    """驗(yàn)證描述符，可重用于多個(gè)屬性"""
    def __init__(self, name, expected_type, max_length=None):
        self.name = name
        self.expected_type = expected_type
        self.max_length = max_length
    
    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        if instance is None:
            return self
        return instance.__dict__[f"_{self.name}"]
    
    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        if not isinstance(value, self.expected_type):
            raise TypeError(f"{self.name} 必須是 {self.expected_type.__name__}")
        if self.max_length and len(value) > self.max_length:
            raise ValueError(f"{self.name} 長(zhǎng)度不能超過(guò) {self.max_length}")
        instance.__dict__[f"_{self.name}"] = value

class PersonWithDescriptor:
    """使用描述符的Person類(lèi)"""
    name = ValidatedDescriptor("name", str, 20)
    email = ValidatedDescriptor("email", str, 50)
    
    def __init__(self, name, email):
        self.name = name
        self.email = email

# 子類(lèi)可以擴(kuò)展描述符的行為
class LoggedPersonWithDescriptor(PersonWithDescriptor):
    """為描述符屬性添加日志功能"""
    @property
    def name(self):
        print(f"[LOG] 訪問(wèn)name屬性")
        return super().name
    
    @name.setter
    def name(self, value):
        print(f"[LOG] 修改name屬性: {self.name} -> {value}")
        super(LoggedPersonWithDescriptor, LoggedPersonWithDescriptor).name.__set__(self, value)

class DataModel:
    """基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)模型"""
    def __init__(self, data):
        self._data = data
    
    @property
    def data(self):
        return self._data
    
    @data.setter
    def data(self, value):
        self._data = value

class SanitizedDataModel(DataModel):
    """數(shù)據(jù)清洗擴(kuò)展"""
    @property
    def data(self):
        # 獲取時(shí)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)清洗
        raw_data = super().data
        return self._sanitize(raw_data)
    
    @data.setter
    def data(self, value):
        # 設(shè)置時(shí)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證和清洗
        sanitized_value = self._sanitize(value)
        if not self._validate(sanitized_value):
            raise ValueError("數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證失敗")
        super(SanitizedDataModel, SanitizedDataModel).data.__set__(self, sanitized_value)
    
    def _sanitize(self, data):
        """數(shù)據(jù)清洗邏輯"""
        if isinstance(data, str):
            return data.strip()
        return data
    
    def _validate(self, data):
        """數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證邏輯"""
        return data is not None and data != ""

# 使用示例
model = SanitizedDataModel("  原始數(shù)據(jù)  ")
print(model.data)  # 輸出: "原始數(shù)據(jù)"（已清洗）

class ExpensiveComputation:
    """基礎(chǔ)計(jì)算類(lèi)"""
    def __init__(self, base_value):
        self.base_value = base_value
    
    @property
    def result(self):
        # 模擬昂貴計(jì)算
        print("執(zhí)行昂貴計(jì)算...")
        return sum(i * self.base_value for i in range(1000))

class CachedComputation(ExpensiveComputation):
    """添加緩存功能的計(jì)算類(lèi)"""
    def __init__(self, base_value):
        super().__init__(base_value)
        self._cached_result = None
        self._is_dirty = True
    
    @property
    def result(self):
        if self._is_dirty or self._cached_result is None:
            print("計(jì)算并緩存結(jié)果...")
            self._cached_result = super().result
            self._is_dirty = False
        return self._cached_result
    
    @result.setter
    def result(self, value):
        # 設(shè)置基礎(chǔ)值并標(biāo)記緩存失效
        self.base_value = value
        self._is_dirty = True

# 使用示例
cached = CachedComputation(10)
print(cached.result)  # 第一次計(jì)算并緩存
print(cached.result)  # 直接使用緩存結(jié)果
cached.result = 20    # 修改基礎(chǔ)值，緩存失效
print(cached.result)  # 重新計(jì)算

# 錯(cuò)誤的實(shí)現(xiàn) - 會(huì)導(dǎo)致無(wú)限遞歸
class BadExtension(Person):
    @property
    def name(self):
        return self.name  # 錯(cuò)誤：這會(huì)導(dǎo)致遞歸調(diào)用自身

class CorrectExtension(Person):
    @property
    def name(self):
        return super().name  # 正確：調(diào)用父類(lèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)