class EnforcingMeta(type):
    """強(qiáng)制編碼約定的元類示例"""
    
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, namespace):
        # 在類創(chuàng)建前執(zhí)行約定檢查
        cls._validate_class_name(name)
        cls._validate_docstring(name, namespace)
        cls._validate_methods(namespace)
        
        return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, namespace)
    
    @staticmethod
    def _validate_class_name(name):
        """驗(yàn)證類名是否符合PascalCase約定"""
        if not name[0].isupper() or '_' in name:
            raise NameError(f"類名 '{name}' 必須使用PascalCase風(fēng)格且不含下劃線")
    
    @staticmethod
    def _validate_docstring(name, namespace):
        """驗(yàn)證類是否有文檔字符串"""
        if '__doc__' not in namespace or not namespace['__doc__']:
            raise ValueError(f"類 '{name}' 必須包含文檔字符串")
    
    @staticmethod
    def _validate_methods(namespace):
        """驗(yàn)證方法命名約定"""
        for attr_name, attr_value in namespace.items():
            if callable(attr_value) and not attr_name.startswith('__'):
                if not attr_name.islower() or ' ' in attr_name:
                    raise NameError(f"方法名 '{attr_name}' 必須使用snake_case風(fēng)格")

import inspect
from typing import get_type_hints

class ComprehensiveEnforcingMeta(type):
    """全面強(qiáng)制編碼約定的元類"""
    
    def __init__(cls, name, bases, namespace):
        super().__init__(name, bases, namespace)
        
        # 類創(chuàng)建后的驗(yàn)證
        cls._validate_property_types()
        cls._validate_public_interface()
        cls._enforce_naming_conventions()
    
    def _validate_property_types(cls):
        """驗(yàn)證類型注解的正確性"""
        if hasattr(cls, '__annotations__'):
            for attr_name, attr_type in cls.__annotations__.items():
                if not isinstance(attr_type, type) and not hasattr(attr_type, '__origin__'):
                    raise TypeError(f"屬性 '{attr_name}' 的類型注解無效")
    
    def _validate_public_interface(cls):
        """驗(yàn)證公共API的完整性"""
        public_methods = [name for name in dir(cls) 
                         if not name.startswith('_') and callable(getattr(cls, name))]
        
        if public_methods:
            # 檢查公共方法是否有文檔字符串
            for method_name in public_methods:
                method = getattr(cls, method_name)
                if method.__doc__ is None:
                    raise ValueError(f"公共方法 '{method_name}' 必須包含文檔字符串")
    
    def _enforce_naming_conventions(cls):
        """強(qiáng)制命名約定"""
        for attr_name in dir(cls):
            if attr_name.startswith('_') and not attr_name.startswith('__'):
                # 私有成員應(yīng)以單下劃線開頭
                if not attr_name[1:].islower():
                    raise NameError(f"私有成員 '{attr_name}' 必須使用snake_case風(fēng)格")

class ControllerMeta(type):
    """Web控制器元類，強(qiáng)制RESTful約定"""
    
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, namespace):
        # 確保類名以"Controller"結(jié)尾
        if not name.endswith('Controller'):
            raise NameError(f"控制器類名 '{name}' 必須以'Controller'結(jié)尾")
        
        # 驗(yàn)證HTTP方法的存在和簽名
        http_methods = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'delete']
        for method in http_methods:
            if method in namespace:
                func = namespace[method]
                sig = inspect.signature(func)
                if 'self' not in sig.parameters:
                    raise TypeError(f"方法 '{method}' 必須包含'self'參數(shù)")
        
        return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, namespace)

# 使用示例
class UserController(metaclass=ControllerMeta):
    """用戶資源控制器"""
    
    def get(self, user_id):
        """獲取用戶信息"""
        pass
    
    def post(self, user_data):
        """創(chuàng)建用戶"""
        pass

def enforce_style(cls):
    """強(qiáng)制編碼風(fēng)格的類裝飾器"""
    original_init = cls.__init__
    
    def new_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # 在實(shí)例化時(shí)驗(yàn)證約定
        self._validate_instance()
        original_init(self, *args, **kwargs)
    
    cls.__init__ = new_init
    return cls

def validate_interface(cls):
    """驗(yàn)證類接口的裝飾器"""
    # 檢查公共方法命名
    for name in dir(cls):
        if not name.startswith('_') and callable(getattr(cls, name)):
            if not name.islower() or ' ' in name:
                raise NameError(f"方法名 '{name}' 必須使用snake_case風(fēng)格")
    
    return cls

def enforced_class(*, require_doc=True, validate_names=True, check_types=False):
    """參數(shù)化類裝飾器工廠"""
    def decorator(cls):
        if require_doc and cls.__doc__ is None:
            raise ValueError("類必須包含文檔字符串")
        
        if validate_names:
            for attr_name in dir(cls):
                if not attr_name.startswith('_'):
                    if not attr_name.islower():
                        raise NameError(f"公共成員 '{attr_name}' 必須使用小寫字母")
        
        if check_types and hasattr(cls, '__annotations__'):
            # 類型驗(yàn)證邏輯
            pass
        
        return cls
    return decorator

# 使用示例
@enforced_class(require_doc=True, validate_names=True)
class DataProcessor:
    """數(shù)據(jù)處理類"""
    
    def process_data(self, input_data):
        pass

class BaseMeta(type):
    """基礎(chǔ)元類"""
    def __init__(cls, name, bases, namespace):
        super().__init__(name, bases, namespace)
        cls._base_validation()  # 基礎(chǔ)驗(yàn)證

def domain_specific_decorator(cls):
    """領(lǐng)域特定裝飾器"""
    # 領(lǐng)域邏輯驗(yàn)證
    return cls

# 結(jié)合使用
class SpecializedClass(metaclass=BaseMeta):
    pass

SpecializedClass = domain_specific_decorator(SpecializedClass)

class ValidatedAttribute:
    """屬性驗(yàn)證描述符"""
    def __init__(self, name, expected_type, required=True):
        self.name = name
        self.expected_type = expected_type
        self.required = required
    
    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        if instance is None:
            return self
        return instance.__dict__.get(self.name)
    
    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        if value is None and self.required:
            raise ValueError(f"屬性 '{self.name}' 是必需的")
        
        if value is not None and not isinstance(value, self.expected_type):
            raise TypeError(f"屬性 '{self.name}' 必須為 {self.expected_type} 類型")
        
        instance.__dict__[self.name] = value

class EnforcedClass:
    # 使用描述符強(qiáng)制屬性約定
    name = ValidatedAttribute('name', str, required=True)
    age = ValidatedAttribute('age', int, required=False)
    
    def __init__(self, name, age=None):
        self.name = name  # 自動(dòng)觸發(fā)驗(yàn)證
        self.age = age

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from typing import List

class DataSource(ABC):
    """數(shù)據(jù)源抽象基類，強(qiáng)制接口約定"""
    
    @abstractmethod
    def connect(self, connection_string: str) -> bool:
        """連接數(shù)據(jù)源"""
        pass
    
    @abstractmethod
    def fetch_data(self, query: str) -> List[dict]:
        """獲取數(shù)據(jù)"""
        pass
    
    @abstractmethod
    def disconnect(self) -> bool:
        """斷開連接"""
        pass
    
    @classmethod
    def __subclasshook__(cls, subclass):
        """檢查子類是否實(shí)現(xiàn)了所有抽象方法"""
        if cls is DataSource:
            required_methods = {'connect', 'fetch_data', 'disconnect'}
            if all(any(method in B.__dict__ for B in subclass.__mro__) 
                   for method in required_methods):
                return True
        return NotImplemented

# 預(yù)提交鉤子示例，使用flake8和pylint檢查編碼約定
import subprocess
import sys

def pre_commit_hook():
    """預(yù)提交鉤子，檢查編碼約定"""
    tools = [
        ['flake8', '--max-line-length=88', '--select=E,W', '.'],
        ['pylint', '--disable=all', '--enable=naming-convention', 'src/']
    ]
    
    for tool in tools:
        result = subprocess.run(tool, capture_output=True, text=True)
        if result.returncode != 0:
            print(f"工具 {tool[0]} 檢查失敗:")
            print(result.stdout)
            sys.exit(1)
    
    print("所有編碼約定檢查通過")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    pre_commit_hook()

class RouteEnforcingMeta(type):
    """路由強(qiáng)制元類"""
    
    def __init__(cls, name, bases, namespace):
        super().__init__(name, bases, namespace)
        
        # 自動(dòng)注冊(cè)路由
        if hasattr(cls, 'route_prefix') and hasattr(cls, 'get_routes'):
            routes = cls.get_routes()
            for route in routes:
                full_path = f"{cls.route_prefix}{route['path']}"
                register_route(full_path, route['handler'], route['methods'])

class RESTController(metaclass=RouteEnforcingMeta):
    """RESTful控制器基類"""
    route_prefix = '/api'
    
    @classmethod
    def get_routes(cls):
        """子類必須實(shí)現(xiàn)此方法返回路由配置"""
        raise NotImplementedError("子類必須實(shí)現(xiàn)get_routes方法")

# 具體控制器實(shí)現(xiàn)
class UserController(RESTController):
    @classmethod
    def get_routes(cls):
        return [
            {'path': '/users', 'handler': cls.get_users, 'methods': ['GET']},
            {'path': '/users', 'handler': cls.create_user, 'methods': ['POST']}
        ]
    
    @staticmethod
    def get_users():
        return {"users": []}
    
    @staticmethod
    def create_user():
        return {"status": "created"}

class ModelMeta(type):
    """模型元類，強(qiáng)制數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證約定"""
    
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, namespace):
        # 自動(dòng)為有類型注解的屬性生成驗(yàn)證邏輯
        if '__annotations__' in namespace:
            annotations = namespace['__annotations__']
            for attr_name, attr_type in annotations.items():
                if not hasattr(namespace, f'_validate_{attr_name}'):
                    # 自動(dòng)生成驗(yàn)證方法
                    namespace[f'_validate_{attr_name}'] = cls._create_validator(attr_name, attr_type)
        
        return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, namespace)
    
    @staticmethod
    def _create_validator(attr_name, attr_type):
        """創(chuàng)建屬性驗(yàn)證器"""
        def validator(self, value):
            if not isinstance(value, attr_type):
                raise TypeError(f"屬性 {attr_name} 必須為 {attr_type} 類型")
            return value
        return validator

class BaseModel(metaclass=ModelMeta):
    """模型基類"""
    
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        for key, value in kwargs.items():
            if hasattr(self, f'_validate_{key}'):
                validated_value = getattr(self, f'_validate_{key}')(value)
                setattr(self, key, validated_value)
            else:
                setattr(self, key, value)

# 使用示例
class User(BaseModel):
    name: str
    age: int
    email: str

# 自動(dòng)獲得驗(yàn)證能力
user = User(name="Alice", age=25, email="alice@example.com")

import unittest

class TestCaseMeta(type):
    """測(cè)試用例元類"""
    
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, namespace):
        # 驗(yàn)證測(cè)試方法命名
        test_methods = [name for name in namespace.keys() 
                       if name.startswith('test_') and callable(namespace[name])]
        
        for method_name in test_methods:
            if not method_name.replace('_', '').isalnum():
                raise NameError(f"測(cè)試方法名 '{method_name}' 只能包含字母、數(shù)字和下劃線")
            
            method = namespace[method_name]
            if method.__doc__ is None:
                raise ValueError(f"測(cè)試方法 '{method_name}' 必須包含文檔字符串")
        
        return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, namespace)

class EnforcedTestCase(unittest.TestCase, metaclass=TestCaseMeta):
    """強(qiáng)制約定的測(cè)試基類"""
    
    def setUp(self):
        """每個(gè)測(cè)試前的設(shè)置"""
        pass
    
    def tearDown(self):
        """每個(gè)測(cè)試后的清理"""
        pass

# 具體測(cè)試類
class TestCalculator(EnforcedTestCase):
    """計(jì)算器功能測(cè)試"""
    
    def test_addition(self):
        """測(cè)試加法運(yùn)算"""
        self.assertEqual(1 + 1, 2)
    
    def test_subtraction(self):
        """測(cè)試減法運(yùn)算"""
        self.assertEqual(5 - 3, 2)