import os

current_dir = os.getcwd()
print(f"當(dāng)前工作目錄: {current_dir}")

os.chdir('/path/to/new/directory')
print(f"新工作目錄: {os.getcwd()}")

path = os.path.join('folder', 'subfolder', 'file.txt')
print(f"拼接后的路徑: {path}")
# 在Windows上輸出: folder\subfolder\file.txt
# 在Linux/Mac上輸出: folder/subfolder/file.txt

file_path = "/home/user/documents/report.txt"

# 獲取路徑的目錄部分
dir_name = os.path.dirname(file_path)
print(f"目錄部分: {dir_name}")  # /home/user/documents

# 獲取文件名部分
base_name = os.path.basename(file_path)
print(f"文件名部分: {base_name}")  # report.txt

# 分割文件擴(kuò)展名
name, ext = os.path.splitext(base_name)
print(f"文件名: {name}, 擴(kuò)展名: {ext}")  # 文件名: report, 擴(kuò)展名: .txt

path = "/some/path/to/file.txt"

print(f"路徑是否存在: {os.path.exists(path)}")
print(f"是否是文件: {os.path.isfile(path)}")
print(f"是否是目錄: {os.path.isdir(path)}")
print(f"是否是絕對路徑: {os.path.isabs(path)}")

# 創(chuàng)建單個目錄
os.mkdir('new_directory')

# 創(chuàng)建多級目錄
os.makedirs('parent/child/grandchild', exist_ok=True)  # exist_ok=True 避免目錄已存在時報錯

# 刪除空目錄
os.rmdir('empty_directory')

# 刪除目錄樹 (謹(jǐn)慎使用！)
import shutil
shutil.rmtree('directory_with_contents')

# 列出目錄內(nèi)容
print("當(dāng)前目錄內(nèi)容:")
for item in os.listdir('.'):
    print(item)

# 使用os.walk遞歸遍歷目錄
print("\n遞歸遍歷目錄結(jié)構(gòu):")
for root, dirs, files in os.walk('.'):
    print(f"當(dāng)前目錄: {root}")
    print(f"子目錄: {dirs}")
    print(f"文件: {files}")
    print("-" * 40)

os.rename('old_name.txt', 'new_name.txt')

# 為日志文件添加日期前綴
log_file = "app.log"
today = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d")
new_name = f"{today}_{log_file}"
os.rename(log_file, new_name)

os.remove('file_to_delete.txt')

# 刪除一周前的臨時文件(基于文件修改時間進(jìn)行選擇性刪除)
for file in os.listdir('temp'):
    file_path = os.path.join('temp', file)
    if os.path.isfile(file_path):
        file_age = time.time() - os.path.getmtime(file_path)
        if file_age > 7 * 24 * 3600:  # 7天
            os.remove(file_path)

file_stat = os.stat('some_file.txt')
print(f"文件大小: {file_stat.st_size} 字節(jié)")
print(f"最后修改時間: {file_stat.st_mtime}")
print(f"創(chuàng)建時間: {file_stat.st_ctime}")

# 獲取環(huán)境變量
home_dir = os.getenv('HOME')  # 或 os.environ.get('HOME')
print(f"用戶主目錄: {home_dir}")

# 設(shè)置環(huán)境變量(僅當(dāng)前進(jìn)程有效)
os.environ['MY_VAR'] = 'some_value'
print(f"MY_VAR: {os.getenv('MY_VAR')}")

path = "/home/user/docs/file.txt"

print(f"路徑分隔符: {os.path.sep}")  # Linux: /, Windows: \
print(f"路徑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化: {os.path.normpath('docs/../docs/file.txt')}")
print(f"絕對路徑: {os.path.abspath('file.txt')}")
print(f"共同前綴: {os.path.commonprefix(['/usr/lib', '/usr/local/lib'])}")  # /usr/l
print(f"共同路徑: {os.path.commonpath(['/usr/lib', '/usr/local/lib'])}")  # /usr

def batch_rename(directory, prefix):
    """為目錄中的所有文件添加前綴"""
    for filename in os.listdir(directory):
        if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(directory, filename)):
            new_name = prefix + filename
            os.rename(
                os.path.join(directory, filename),
                os.path.join(directory, new_name)
            )
            print(f"重命名: {filename} -> {new_name}")

# 使用示例
batch_rename('./photos', 'vacation_')

def find_files_by_extension(directory, extension):
    """遞歸查找目錄中特定擴(kuò)展名的文件"""
    matches = []
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
        for file in files:
            if file.endswith(extension):
                matches.append(os.path.join(root, file))
    return matches

# 使用示例
py_files = find_files_by_extension('.', '.py')
print("找到的Python文件:")
for file in py_files:
    print(file)

def get_directory_size(directory):
    """計(jì)算目錄總大小(字節(jié))"""
    total = 0
    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(directory):
        for f in filenames:
            fp = os.path.join(dirpath, f)
            # 跳過符號鏈接
            if not os.path.islink(fp):
                total += os.path.getsize(fp)
    return total

# 使用示例
size = get_directory_size('./')
print(f"目錄總大小: {size} 字節(jié) ({size/1024/1024:.2f} MB)")

try:
    os.remove('important_file.txt')
except FileNotFoundError:
    print("文件不存在，無需刪除")
except PermissionError:
    print("沒有刪除文件的權(quán)限")