pip install pytest

pytest --version

# discount.py
def calculate_discount(amount, is_member=False):
    if amount < 0:
        raise ValueError("金額不能為負(fù)數(shù)")
    
    discount_rate = 1.0
    if amount >= 1000:
        discount_rate = 0.9
    elif amount >= 500:
        discount_rate = 0.95
    
    if is_member:
        discount_rate *= 0.95
    
    return round(amount * discount_rate, 2)

# test_discount.py
import pytest
from discount import calculate_discount

def test_normal_customer_no_discount():
    """普通用戶未達(dá)到折扣門檻"""
    assert calculate_discount(300) == 300

def test_normal_customer_500_discount():
    """普通用戶滿500打95折"""
    assert calculate_discount(500) == 475.0
    assert calculate_discount(800) == 760.0

def test_normal_customer_1000_discount():
    """普通用戶滿1000打9折"""
    assert calculate_discount(1000) == 900.0
    assert calculate_discount(1500) == 1350.0

pytest test_discount.py -v

def test_negative_amount():
    """測(cè)試金額為負(fù)數(shù)時(shí)拋出異常"""
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="金額不能為負(fù)數(shù)"):
        calculate_discount(-100)

@pytest.mark.parametrize("amount, is_member, expected", [
    (300, False, 300),      # 普通用戶，無(wú)折扣
    (500, False, 475.0),    # 普通用戶，500檔
    (1000, False, 900.0),   # 普通用戶，1000檔
    (300, True, 300 * 0.95), # 會(huì)員，無(wú)門檻折扣
    (500, True, 500 * 0.95 * 0.95),  # 會(huì)員，500檔疊加會(huì)員折扣
    (1000, True, 1000 * 0.9 * 0.95), # 會(huì)員，1000檔疊加會(huì)員折扣
])
def test_discount_cases(amount, is_member, expected):
    """參數(shù)化測(cè)試多種場(chǎng)景"""
    assert calculate_discount(amount, is_member) == expected

import pytest
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

@pytest.fixture
def sample_user():
    """創(chuàng)建一個(gè)測(cè)試用戶"""
    return {
        "id": 1,
        "name": "測(cè)試用戶",
        "is_member": True,
        "join_date": datetime.now() - timedelta(days=30)
    }

@pytest.fixture
def sample_order():
    """創(chuàng)建一個(gè)測(cè)試訂單"""
    return {
        "id": 1001,
        "items": [
            {"product_id": 1, "name": "商品A", "price": 299, "quantity": 2},
            {"product_id": 2, "name": "商品B", "price": 199, "quantity": 1}
        ],
        "total_amount": 797
    }

def test_order_with_member_discount(sample_user, sample_order):
    """測(cè)試會(huì)員訂單折扣"""
    user = sample_user
    order = sample_order
    # 計(jì)算折扣后的金額
    discounted = calculate_discount(order["total_amount"], user["is_member"])
    expected = 797 * 0.95  # 會(huì)員95折
    assert discounted == expected

def calculate_discount_with_points(amount, user_id):
    """根據(jù)用戶積分計(jì)算折扣"""
    points = get_user_points(user_id)  # 調(diào)用外部API
    if points > 1000:
        discount = 0.8
    elif points > 500:
        discount = 0.9
    else:
        discount = 1.0
    return amount * discount

def test_discount_with_points(mocker):
    """模擬積分服務(wù)返回值"""
    # 模擬get_user_points函數(shù)返回固定值
    mocker.patch('discount.get_user_points', return_value=600)
    
    from discount import calculate_discount_with_points
    result = calculate_discount_with_points(1000, 123)
    assert result == 900  # 600積分，打9折

pip install pytest-cov
pytest --cov=discount test_discount.py --cov-report=html

# .github/workflows/test.yml
name: Run tests
on: [push, pull_request]
jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - name: Set up Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
        with:
          python-version: '3.9'
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: |
          pip install pytest pytest-cov
          pip install -r requirements.txt
      - name: Run tests
        run: pytest --cov=./ --cov-report=xml

# 集成測(cè)試示例
@pytest.fixture
def test_db():
    """創(chuàng)建測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接"""
    db = create_test_database()
    yield db
    db.cleanup()  # 測(cè)試后清理

def test_save_order_to_database(test_db):
    """測(cè)試訂單保存到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)"""
    order = create_sample_order()
    order_id = test_db.save_order(order)
    saved_order = test_db.get_order(order_id)
    assert saved_order.total_amount == order.total_amount

[pytest]
testpaths = tests
python_files = test_*.py
python_classes = Test*
python_functions = test_*
markers = 
    slow: 運(yùn)行較慢的測(cè)試
    integration: 集成測(cè)試
    smoke: 冒煙測(cè)試
addopts = -v --strict-markers --tb=short

pytest -m "not slow"  # 跳過慢測(cè)試
pytest -m "smoke"     # 只跑冒煙測(cè)試

def test_import_data(datadir):
    """使用datadir中的測(cè)試文件"""
    csv_file = datadir / 'test_data.csv'
    data = read_csv(csv_file)
    assert len(data) == 10

pip install pytest-xdist
pytest -n auto  # 自動(dòng)使用所有CPU核心

pip install pytest-rerunfailures
pytest --reruns 3 --reruns-delay 1