python
# 打包成元組
a = 1, 2, 3
print(a) ? # (1, 2, 3)
print(type(a)) ?# <class 'tuple'>

python
# 拆包元組
x, y, z = (1, 2, 3)
print(x, y, z) ? # 1 2 3

python
# 列表拆包
lst = [10, 20, 30]
a, b, c = lst
print(a, b, c) ? # 10 20 30

# 字符串拆包
s = "ABC"
x, y, z = s
print(x, y, z) ? # A B C

python
# * 收集剩余元素為列表
first, *rest = [1, 2, 3, 4]
print(first) ? # 1
print(rest) ? ?# [2, 3, 4]

# 中間收集
first, *middle, last = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(first) ? # 1
print(middle) ?# [2, 3, 4]
print(last) ? ?# 5

# 忽略不需要的元素（通常用 _ 占位）
_, second, _ = [10, 20, 30]
print(second) ?# 20

python
def get_stats(numbers):
? ? return min(numbers), max(numbers), sum(numbers) / len(numbers)

result = get_stats([1,2,3,4,5])
print(result) ? # (1, 5, 3.0)

# 拆包接收
min_val, max_val, avg = get_stats([1,2,3,4,5])
print(min_val, max_val, avg) ? # 1 5 3.0

python
def show_args(*args, **kwargs):
? ? print("位置參數(shù)打包為元組:", args)
? ? print("關(guān)鍵字參數(shù)打包為字典:", kwargs)

show_args(1, 2, 3, name="Alice", age=25)
# 位置參數(shù)打包為元組: (1, 2, 3)
# 關(guān)鍵字參數(shù)打包為字典: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}

python
def add(a, b, c):
? ? return a + b + c

# 列表拆包為位置參數(shù)
nums = [1, 2, 3]
print(add(*nums)) ? # 6

# 字典拆包為關(guān)鍵字參數(shù)
kwargs = {'a': 10, 'b': 20, 'c': 30}
print(add(**kwargs)) ? # 60

python
dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
dict2 = {'c': 3, 'd': 4}
merged = {**dict1, **dict2}
print(merged) ? # {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}

python
defaults = {'host': 'localhost', 'port': 8080}
config = {'port': 9090, 'debug': True}
final = {**defaults, **config}
print(final) ? # {'host': 'localhost', 'port': 9090, 'debug': True}

python
def greet(name, age):
? ? print(f"{name} is {age} years old.")

person = {'name': 'Bob', 'age': 30}
greet(**person) ? # Bob is 30 years old.

python
# 嵌套元組拆包
data = (1, (2, 3))
a, (b, c) = data
print(a, b, c) ? # 1 2 3

# 嵌套列表拆包
lst = [10, [20, 30]]
x, [y, z] = lst
print(x, y, z) ? # 10 20 30

python
t = (1, 2, 3, 4)
first, *rest = t
print(type(rest)) ? # <class 'list'>

python
# 錯誤示例
# a, *b, *c = [1,2,3,4,5] ? # SyntaxError

python
first, *rest = []
# ValueError: not enough values to unpack (expected at least 1, got 0)
# 需要至少一個變量來匹配

python
a, b = 5, 10
a, b = b, a
print(a, b) ? # 10 5

python
path = "/home/user/docs/file.txt"
folders, filename = path.rsplit('/', 1)
print(folders) ? # /home/user/docs
print(filename) ?# file.txt

python
def logger(func):
? ? def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
? ? ? ? print(f"調(diào)用 {func.__name__} 參數(shù): args={args}, kwargs={kwargs}")
? ? ? ? return func(*args, **kwargs)
? ? return wrapper

@logger
def add(a, b):
? ? return a + b

add(3, 5) ? # 調(diào)用 add 參數(shù): args=(3, 5), kwargs={}

python
list1 = [1, 2]
list2 = [3, 4]
merged = [*list1, *list2]
print(merged) ? # [1, 2, 3, 4]

python
def get_data():
? ? return 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

a, b, *_ = get_data() ? # 只取前兩個
print(a, b) ? # 1 2