Linux之配置路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能的測(cè)試

更新時(shí)間：2024年05月31日 10:18:22 作者：石小千

這篇文章主要介紹了Linux之配置路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能的測(cè)試,具有很好的參考價(jià)值,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助,如有錯(cuò)誤或未考慮完全的地方,望不吝賜教

環(huán)境

操作系統(tǒng)

Centos7.9

網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境

1. 三臺(tái)主機(jī)的網(wǎng)卡 enp0s5 均在 10.211.55.0/24 網(wǎng)段，且網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以通訊

centos7-18的IP 10.211.55.18，作為路由服務(wù)端
centos7-10的IP 10.211.55.10，作為子網(wǎng)連接端
centos7-22的IP 10.211.55.22，作為子網(wǎng)連接端

2. 兩臺(tái)子網(wǎng)連接端配置子網(wǎng)IP

主機(jī)centos7-10 網(wǎng)卡enp0s5配置子網(wǎng) 192.168.10.100/32（子網(wǎng)一個(gè)IP）
主機(jī)centos7-22 網(wǎng)卡enp0s5配置子網(wǎng) 172.16.1.200/32（子網(wǎng)一個(gè)IP）

3. 配置子網(wǎng)連接端的靜態(tài)路由

主機(jī)centos7-10（192.168.10.100/32），增加訪問 172.16.1.200/32 的靜態(tài)路由
主機(jī)centos7-22（172.16.1.200/32），增加訪問 192.168.10.100/32 的靜態(tài)路由

4. 開啟路由服務(wù)端的路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能

主機(jī)centos7-18（10.211.55.18），配置訪問 192.168.10.100 和 172.16.1.200的靜態(tài)路由
主機(jī)centos7-18（10.211.55.18），開啟路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能，實(shí)現(xiàn)192.168.10.100/32 與 172.16.1.200/32 之間通訊。

測(cè)試步驟

1. 配置主機(jī)centos7-10

配置子網(wǎng)IP 192.168.10.100

[root@centos7-10 ~]# ip addr add 192.168.10.100 dev enp0s5
[root@centos7-10 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:1c:42:ae:b6:41 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.211.55.10/24 brd 10.211.55.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic enp0s5
       valid_lft 1743sec preferred_lft 1743sec
    inet 192.168.10.100/32 scope global enp0s5
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fdb2:2c26:f4e4:0:cd1f:12f3:4076:6d89/64 scope global noprefixroute dynamic 
       valid_lft 2591943sec preferred_lft 604743sec
    inet6 fe80::7e0c:1902:e1ca:4324/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

配置訪問 172.16.1.200 的靜態(tài)路由

[root@centos7-10 ~]# ip route 172.16.1.200 via 10.211.55.18 dev enp0s5
[root@centos7-10 ~]# ip route
default via 10.211.55.1 dev enp0s5 proto dhcp metric 100 
10.211.55.0/24 dev enp0s5 proto kernel scope link src 10.211.55.10 metric 100 
172.16.1.200 via 10.211.55.18 dev enp0s5 
192.168.10.100 dev enp0s5 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.10.100 metric 100 
[root@centos7-10 ~]#

2. 配置主機(jī)centos7-22

配置子網(wǎng)IP 172.16.1.200

[root@centos7-22 ~]# ip addr add 172.16.1.200 dev enp0s5
[root@centos7-22 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:1c:42:44:79:a5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.211.55.22/24 brd 10.211.55.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic enp0s5
       valid_lft 1605sec preferred_lft 1605sec
    inet 172.16.1.200/32 scope global enp0s5
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fdb2:2c26:f4e4:0:233e:38df:2cbd:cec1/64 scope global noprefixroute dynamic 
       valid_lft 2591809sec preferred_lft 604609sec
    inet6 fe80::7e0c:1902:e1ca:4324/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::567a:248b:5e94:5d19/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

配置訪問 192.168.10.100 的靜態(tài)路由

[root@centos7-22 ~]# ip route add 192.168.10.100 via 10.211.55.18 dev enp0s5
[root@centos7-22 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:1c:42:44:79:a5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.211.55.22/24 brd 10.211.55.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic enp0s5
       valid_lft 1565sec preferred_lft 1565sec
    inet 172.16.1.200/32 scope global enp0s5
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fdb2:2c26:f4e4:0:233e:38df:2cbd:cec1/64 scope global noprefixroute dynamic 
       valid_lft 2591768sec preferred_lft 604568sec
    inet6 fe80::7e0c:1902:e1ca:4324/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::567a:248b:5e94:5d19/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3. 配置主機(jī)centos7-18

配置訪問 192.168.10.100 和 172.16.1.200 的靜態(tài)路由

[root@centos7-18 ~]# ip route add 192.168.10.100 via 10.211.55.10 dev enp0s5
[root@centos7-18 ~]# ip route add 172.16.1.200 via 10.211.55.22 dev enp0s5
[root@centos7-18 ~]# ip route
default via 10.211.55.1 dev enp0s5 
10.211.55.0/24 dev enp0s5 proto kernel scope link src 10.211.55.18 
172.16.1.200 via 10.211.55.22 dev enp0s5 
192.168.10.100 via 10.211.55.10 dev enp0s5

// 查看主機(jī)centos7-18的IP配置
[root@centos7-18 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:1c:42:60:87:b2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.211.55.18/24 brd 10.211.55.255 scope global enp0s5
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fdb2:2c26:f4e4:0:21c:42ff:fe60:87b2/64 scope global mngtmpaddr dynamic 
       valid_lft 2591430sec preferred_lft 604230sec
    inet6 fe80::21c:42ff:fe60:87b2/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4. 路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)測(cè)試

4.1 關(guān)閉路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)測(cè)試

centos7-18設(shè)置 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0，關(guān)閉路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能
centos7-10測(cè)試 Ping 172.16.1.200，網(wǎng)絡(luò)不通

// 設(shè)置 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0，關(guān)閉路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能
[root@centos7-18 ~]# sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=0
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

// 測(cè)試 192.168.10.100 Ping 172.16.1.200，網(wǎng)絡(luò)不通
[root@centos7-10 ~]# ping 172.16.1.200 -c5
PING 172.16.1.200 (172.16.1.200) 56(84) bytes of data.

--- 172.16.1.200 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 4017ms

[root@centos7-10 ~]#

4.2 開啟路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)測(cè)試

centos7-18設(shè)置 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1，開啟路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能
centos7-10測(cè)試 Ping 172.16.1.200，網(wǎng)絡(luò)通

// 設(shè)置 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1，開啟路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能
[root@centos7-18 ~]# sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

// 測(cè)試 192.168.10.100 Ping 172.16.1.200，網(wǎng)絡(luò)通
[root@centos7-10 ~]# ping 172.16.1.200 -c5
PING 172.16.1.200 (172.16.1.200) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.1.200: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.850 ms
From 10.211.55.18: icmp_seq=2 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.211.55.22)
64 bytes from 172.16.1.200: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.752 ms
From 10.211.55.18: icmp_seq=3 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.211.55.22)
64 bytes from 172.16.1.200: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.729 ms
From 10.211.55.18: icmp_seq=4 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.211.55.22)
64 bytes from 172.16.1.200: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.471 ms
From 10.211.55.18: icmp_seq=5 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.211.55.22)
64 bytes from 172.16.1.200: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.779 ms

--- 172.16.1.200 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4011ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.471/0.716/0.850/0.130 ms
[root@centos7-10 ~]#

主機(jī)centos7-18 tcpdump抓包結(jié)果

tcpdump -nn -e -i enp0s5 host not 10.211.55.2 and icmp

抓包排除ssh客戶端 10.211.55.2

-nn 兩個(gè) n 表示不解析域名和端口
-e 在輸出行打印出數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層的頭部信息
-i 抓指定接口(網(wǎng)卡)的數(shù)據(jù)包

[root@centos7-18 ~]# tcpdump -nn -e -i enp0s5 host not 10.211.55.2 and icmp
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on enp0s5, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
// 00:1c:42:ae:b6:41（centos7-10 enp0s5）> 00:1c:42:60:87:b2（centos7-18 enp0s5）
19:59:52.186950 00:1c:42:ae:b6:41 > 00:1c:42:60:87:b2, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 98: 10.211.55.10 > 172.16.1.200: ICMP echo request, id 2040, seq 1, length 64
// 00:1c:42:60:87:b2（centos7-18 enp0s5）> 00:1c:42:44:79:a5（centos7-22 enp0s5）
19:59:52.187068 00:1c:42:60:87:b2 > 00:1c:42:44:79:a5, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 98: 10.211.55.10 > 172.16.1.200: ICMP echo request, id 2040, seq 1, length 64
// 00:1c:42:44:79:a5（centos7-22 enp0s5）> 00:1c:42:ae:b6:41（centos7-10 enp0s5）
19:59:52.187364 00:1c:42:44:79:a5 > 00:1c:42:ae:b6:41, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 98: 172.16.1.200 > 10.211.55.10: ICMP echo reply, id 2040, seq 1, length 64
^C
3 packets captured
3 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel