Nginx平滑升級及回滾實驗

更新時間：2026年05月22日 09:33:01 作者：2301_81637433

本文主要介紹了Nginx平滑升級及回滾實驗,文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細,對大家的學習或者工作具有一定的參考學習價值,需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來一起學習學習吧

一、實驗核心目的

Nginx是生產環(huán)境中最常用的Web服務器/反向代理，平滑升級/回滾 是為了在不中斷業(yè)務（用戶無感知）的前提下，完成Nginx版本更新或故障回退。如果直接stop/start Nginx，會導致短暫的服務不可用，這在生產環(huán)境是絕對不允許的，本實驗就是解決這個核心問題。

二、實驗整體流程拆解

整個實驗分為3個核心階段：下載新版本源碼→編譯并平滑升級→版本回滾，下面逐階段講解。

1.下載高版本的軟件

[root@Nginx ~]# wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.29.4.tar.gz

2.對于新版本的軟件進行源碼編譯并進行平滑升級

#編譯nginx隱藏版本
[root@Nginx ~]# tar zxf nginx-1.29.4.tar.gz
[root@Nginx ~]# cd nginx-1.29.4/src/core/
[root@Nginx core]# vim nginx.h
#define nginx_version      1029004
#define NGINX_VERSION      ""
#define NGINX_VER          "TIMINGLEE/" NGINX_VERSION
#文件編輯完成后進行源碼編譯即可
[root@Nginx core]# cd ../../
[root@Nginx nginx-1.29.4]# ./configure   --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module
[root@Nginx nginx-1.29.4]# make
[root@Nginx nginx-1.29.4]# cd objs/
[root@Nginx objs]# ls
autoconf.err  nginx    ngx_auto_config.h   ngx_modules.c  src
Makefile      nginx.8  ngx_auto_headers.h  ngx_modules.o
[root@Nginx objs]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
[root@Nginx sbin]# ls
nginx
[root@Nginx sbin]#cp /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx.old -p
[root@Nginx sbin]# \cp -f /root/nginx-1.29.4/objs/nginx  /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@Nginx sbin]# ls /usr/local/nginx/logs/
access.log  error.log  nginx.pid
[root@Nginx sbin]# ps aux | grep nginx
root        1643  0.0  0.1  14688  2360 ?        Ss   09:55   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx       1644  0.0  0.2  14888  3896 ?        S    09:55   0:00 nginx: worker process
[root@Nginx sbin]# kill -USR2 1643   #nginx master進程id
[root@Nginx sbin]# ps aux | grep nginx
root        1643  0.0  0.1  14688  2744 ?        Ss   09:55   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx       1644  0.0  0.2  14888  3896 ?        S    09:55   0:00 nginx: worker process
root        4919  0.0  0.4  14716  7936 ?        S    10:24   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx       4921  0.0  0.2  14916  4156 ?        S    10:24   0:00 nginx: worker process
root        4923  0.0  0.1   6636  2176 pts/0    S+   10:25   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@Nginx sbin]# ls /usr/local/nginx/logs/
access.log  error.log  nginx.pid  nginx.pid.oldbin
#測試效果
[root@Nginx sbin]# nginx -V
nginx version: TIMINGLEE/
built by gcc 11.5.0 20240719 (Red Hat 11.5.0-5) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 3.2.2 4 Jun 2024
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module
#回收舊版本子進程
[root@Nginx sbin]# ps aux | grep nginx
root        1643  0.0  0.1  14688  2744 ?        Ss   09:55   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx       1644  0.0  0.2  14888  3896 ?        S    09:55   0:00 nginx: worker process
root        4919  0.0  0.4  14716  7936 ?        S    10:24   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx       4921  0.0  0.2  14916  4156 ?        S    10:24   0:00 nginx: worker process
root        4929  0.0  0.1   6636  2176 pts/0    S+   10:27   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@Nginx sbin]# kill -WINCH 1643
[root@Nginx sbin]# ps aux | grep nginx
root        1643  0.0  0.1  14688  2744 ?        Ss   09:55   0:00 nginx: process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
root        4919  0.0  0.4  14716  7936 ?        S    10:24   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx       4921  0.0  0.2  14916  4156 ?        S    10:24   0:00 nginx: worker process
root        4932  0.0  0.1   6636  2176 pts/0    S+   10:28   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

3.版本回退|版本回滾

[root@Nginx sbin]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
[root@Nginx sbin]# cp nginx nginx.new -p
[root@Nginx sbin]# \cp nginx.old  nginx -pf
[root@Nginx sbin]# ps aux | grep nginx
root        1643  0.0  0.1  14688  2744 ?        Ss   09:55   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
root        4919  0.0  0.4  14716  7936 ?        S    10:24   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx       4921  0.0  0.2  14916  4156 ?        S    10:24   0:00 nginx: worker process

[root@Nginx sbin]# kill -HUP 1643
[root@Nginx sbin]# ps aux | grep nginx
root        1643  0.0  0.1  14688  2744 ?        Ss   09:55   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
root        4919  0.0  0.4  14716  7936 ?        S    10:24   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx       4921  0.0  0.2  14916  4156 ?        S    10:24   0:00 nginx: worker process
nginx       4963  0.0  0.2  14888  3896 ?        S    10:32   0:00 nginx: worker process
root        4965  0.0  0.1   6636  2176 pts/0    S+   10:32   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@Nginx sbin]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.28.1
built by gcc 11.5.0 20240719 (Red Hat 11.5.0-5) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 3.2.2 4 Jun 2024
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module

#回收新版本進程
[root@Nginx sbin]# kill -WINCH 4919
[root@Nginx sbin]# ps aux | grep nginx
root        1643  0.0  0.1  14688  2744 ?        Ss   09:55   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
root        4919  0.0  0.4  14716  7936 ?        S    10:24   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx       4963  0.0  0.2  14888  3896 ?        S    10:32   0:00 nginx: worker process
root        4969  0.0  0.1   6636  2176 pts/0    S+   10:34   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

Nginx 信號大全（生產常用）