美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)議息會(huì)議筆記：通脹別慌 利率會(huì)降（2024年3月）
摘要
本次會(huì)議，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)保持利率水平不變。
會(huì)議公布了新的經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測(cè)，上調(diào)了對(duì)本年度的GDP增長預(yù)測(cè)與通脹預(yù)測(cè)。
點(diǎn)陣圖變化焦灼，預(yù)計(jì)2024年降息3次（10位委員），未來兩年的降息次數(shù)亦下降，但符合預(yù)期。
發(fā)布會(huì)鮑威爾重申本輪周期利率已經(jīng)觸頂，確認(rèn)了在今年啟動(dòng)降息是合適的。
1月和2月的CPI數(shù)據(jù)并未改變鮑威爾對(duì)去通脹進(jìn)程的樂觀態(tài)度，他強(qiáng)調(diào)FOMC本就預(yù)期通脹回落不會(huì)一帆風(fēng)順（bumpy）。
對(duì)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的強(qiáng)勢(shì)表現(xiàn)，鮑威爾顯得“毫無保留”，并強(qiáng)調(diào)就業(yè)過強(qiáng)不會(huì)影響降息決定。
有關(guān)長期利率預(yù)測(cè)近5年內(nèi)的首次上行，鮑威爾表態(tài)“不知道具體水平在哪”但不會(huì)像疫情前那么低了。
對(duì)于QT Taper，聯(lián)儲(chǔ)已經(jīng)開始討論資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表的結(jié)構(gòu)問題，鮑威爾強(qiáng)調(diào)了流動(dòng)性的“分布”問題。
從觀感上看，本次會(huì)議幾乎沒有展露出任何的鷹派信號(hào)，市場(chǎng)在會(huì)議前所擔(dān)憂的二次通脹風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并未進(jìn)入FOMC的視野。
筆者認(rèn)為聯(lián)儲(chǔ)在開年會(huì)議上奠定的“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理”和“平衡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”的姿態(tài)在本次會(huì)議上出現(xiàn)了bias，淡化了通脹風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，深化了對(duì)增長的樂觀預(yù)期。
風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資產(chǎn)持續(xù)走高，10年期美債收益率沖高回落，美元跌。
聲明原文（僅第一段有可忽略的小幅變化）
Recent indicators suggest that economic activity has been expanding at a solid pace. Job gains have remained strong, and the unemployment rate has remained low. Inflation has eased over the past year but remains elevated.
最近的指標(biāo)表明經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)以穩(wěn)健的速度擴(kuò)張。就業(yè)增長保持強(qiáng)勁，失業(yè)率保持低位。通脹在過去一年有所放緩，但仍然居高不下。
The Committee seeks to achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of 2 percent over the longer run. The Committee judges that the risks to achieving its employment and inflation goals are moving into better balance. The economic outlook is uncertain, and the Committee remains highly attentive to inflation risks.
委員會(huì)致力于實(shí)現(xiàn)在長期內(nèi)充分就業(yè)和2%的通脹率。委員會(huì)認(rèn)為實(shí)現(xiàn)就業(yè)和通脹目標(biāo)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)正在朝著更好的平衡方向發(fā)展。經(jīng)濟(jì)前景不確定，委員會(huì)對(duì)通脹風(fēng)險(xiǎn)保持高度關(guān)注。
In support of its goals, the Committee decided to maintain the target range for the federal funds rate at 5-1/4 to 5-1/2 percent. In considering any adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rate, the Committee will carefully assess incoming data, the evolving outlook, and the balance of risks. The Committee does not expect it will be appropriate to reduce the target range until it has gained greater confidence that inflation is moving sustainably toward 2 percent. In addition, the Committee will continue reducing its holdings of Treasury securities and agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities, as described in its previously announced plans. The Committee is strongly committed to returning inflation to its 2 percent objective.
為了支持其目標(biāo)，委員會(huì)決定將聯(lián)邦基金利率的目標(biāo)區(qū)間維持在5.25%至5.5%之間。在考慮對(duì)聯(lián)邦基金利率目標(biāo)區(qū)間進(jìn)行任何調(diào)整時(shí)，委員會(huì)將仔細(xì)評(píng)估最新數(shù)據(jù)、不斷變化的前景和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)平衡。委員會(huì)預(yù)計(jì)在獲得更大信心，即通脹朝著2%的可持續(xù)增長方向發(fā)展之前，降低目標(biāo)區(qū)間將不合適。此外，委員會(huì)將繼續(xù)按照其先前公布的計(jì)劃減持國債、機(jī)構(gòu)債務(wù)和機(jī)構(gòu)抵押支持證券。委員會(huì)堅(jiān)決致力于將通脹恢復(fù)到2%的目標(biāo)水平。
In assessing the appropriate stance of monetary policy, the Committee will continue to monitor the implications of incoming information for the economic outlook. The Committee would be prepared to adjust the stance of monetary policy as appropriate if risks emerge that could impede the attainment of the Committee's goals. The Committee's assessments will take into account a wide range of information, including readings on labor market conditions, inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and financial and international developments.
在評(píng)估貨幣政策的適當(dāng)立場(chǎng)時(shí)，委員會(huì)將繼續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的相關(guān)信息。如果出現(xiàn)可能阻礙委員會(huì)目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，委員會(huì)將準(zhǔn)備適時(shí)調(diào)整貨幣政策的立場(chǎng)。委員會(huì)的評(píng)估將考慮到廣泛的信息，包括勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)狀況、通脹壓力和通脹預(yù)期以及金融和國際發(fā)展情況。
點(diǎn)陣圖與經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測(cè)細(xì)節(jié)
經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測(cè)上調(diào)，這都快跟高盛（樂觀派）的預(yù)測(cè)差不多了
通脹預(yù)測(cè)小幅上調(diào)，體現(xiàn)去通脹并非坦途。
長期利率預(yù)測(cè)小幅上升10bp，疫情以來的首次。
從點(diǎn)陣圖來看，實(shí)際上認(rèn)為降息兩次內(nèi)的委員是9位，而認(rèn)為降息兩次以上的為10位，降息次數(shù)有進(jìn)一步調(diào)降的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
